2.4 Water Hyacinth
Reproduction
Water hyacinth does both sexual and asexual reproduction and the modes
are equally important to the species’ success as a destructive aquatic
intruder. In calm climates, the weeds can flower throughout the year,
and from early spring to late fall in other places. Growth rates are
explosive and vegetative population doubling can take place in 1-3 weeks
(Wolverton and McDonald 1978). They are capable of yielding an abundance
of seeds making water hyacinths have a growth rate of 17.5 metric tonnes
per hectare per day. An investigation by Barrett (1988) confirmed that
tropical E.crassipes populations produced twice as many seeds as moderate populations and ascribed the difference to higher rates of
pollinating insect visitation in the tropics. Seed germination has a
propensity to take place when water levels are low and the seedlings can
grow in drenched soils. Vegetative reproduction occurs via the breaking
off of rosettes of clonal individuals. The stolons (horizontal shoots
capable of forming new shoots and adventitious roots from nodes) are
easily broken down by wave or wind action and floating clonal plants and
mats are readily transported by water or wind movement (Barrett
1988).