Pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infection
The results indicated no increased risk of pneumonia (11 trials of 4 HIF-PHIs, containing 12,985 participants[2, 12, 16, 27, 29-31, 33, 35, 41]) with Roxadustat, Daprodustat, Desidustat, and Vadadustat, compared with ESAs. In terms of upper respiratory tract infection among DD patients (12 trials of 5 HIF-PHIs, containing 12,037 partients[2, 12, 16, 28-31, 34, 36, 39, 40]), there was no significant difference between HIF-PHIs and ESAs, consisting of Roxadustat, Enarodustat, Daprodustat, Vadadustat, and Molidustat (Figure 5).