Search strategy and selection criteria
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) were followed for this network meta-analysis. A systematic search of databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid-EMBR, the Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, and CMJD) was set from inception to August 31, 2022. We used the following combined free-text and mesh terms: ”Renal Insufficiency, Chronic” and ”hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors”. The entire search strategy was illustrated in Supplementary Material S1. For additional relevant literature, ClinicalTrials.gov and references in selected research and reviews were searched.