Mean change in the hemoglobin level from baseline
Regarding ΔHb, this network meta-analysis included 20 trials involving 6 HIF-PHIs (Supplementary Figure S16). Substantial heterogeneity (I2=74.6%) led to choosing random-effects models in the following analyses. A significant increase was found in efficacy between Roxadustat and ESAs (MD:0.19 g/dL, 95%CI:0.07-0.30, p<0.01), and no statistic differences were found with Enarodustat, Daprodustat, Desidustat, Vadadustat, and Molidustat. Since the network structure for DD CKD patients contains no loop, the full design-by-treatment interaction random-effects model is not applied. Moreover, the net-rankings were Roxadustat (0.88), Desidustat (0.72), Enarodustat (0.60), Daprodustat (0.56), ESAs (0.46), Vadadustat (0.23), and Molidustat (0.05).