Study selection
Initial literature searches are described in Figure 1. Ultimately, nineteen DD-related eligible studies were included[2, 12, 16, 26-41]. We searched the literature and finally included six agents of HIF-PHIs, including Roxadustat[12, 16, 26-30], Daprodustat[31-35], Vadadustat[2, 36], Molidustat[37, 38, 40], Enarodustat[39], and Desidustat[41]. One of the studies described two different RCTs of Vadadustat, and both trials compared Vadadustat and Darbepotin, including respectively incident DD CKD trial (369 participants) and prevalent DD CKD trial (3554 participants)[2].