12 References.
Betz, O., Koerner, L. and Dettner, K., 2018. The biology of Steninae. InBiology of Rove Beetles (Staphylinidae) (pp. 229-283). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Bogri, A., Solodovnikov, A. and Żyła, D., 2018. Baltic amber impact on historical biogeography and palaeoclimate research: oriental rove beetleDysanabatium found in the Eocene of Europe (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae). Papers in Palaeontology , 4 (3), pp.433-452.
Bogri, A., Solodovnikov, A., Kypke, J.L. and Żyła, D., 2020. Baltic amber members of the extant Micrillus -Scymbalium lineage of the Paederinae rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) and their systematic and ecological significance. Invertebrate Systematics ,34 (5), pp.451-473.
Brothers, D.J., 1992. The first Mesozoic Vespidae (Hymenoptera) from the Southern Hemisphere, Botswana. Journal of Hymenoptera Research ,1 (1), pp.119-124.
Brothers, D.J. and Rasnitsyn, A.P., 2003. Diversity of Hymenoptera and other insects in the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) deposits at Orapa, Botswana: a preliminary review. African Entomology , 11 (2), pp.221-226.
Brothers, D.J. and Rasnitsyn, A.P., 2008. A new genus and species of Euparagiinae from the Late Cretaceous of southern Africa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Alavesia , 2 , pp.73-76.
Cai, C., Tihelka, E., Giacomelli, M., Lawrence, J.F., Ślipiński, A., Kundrata, R., Yamamoto, S., Thayer, M.K., Newton, A.F., Leschen, R.A. and Gimmel, M.L., 2021. Integrated phylogenomics and fossil data illuminate the evolution of beetles. BioRxiv . doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.22.461358.
Campbell, J.M. and Peck, S.B., 1989. Pinostygus galapagoensis , a new genus and species of eyeless rove beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from a cave in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. The Coleopterists Bulletin , pp.397-405.
Chatzimanolis, S., 2018. A review of the fossil history of Staphylinoidea. Biology of Rove Beetles (Staphylinidae) , pp.27-45.
Davis, P.K., 1977. Effects of shock pressure on 40Ar-39Ar radiometric age determinations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ,41 (2), pp.195-205.
Dlussky, G.M., Brothers, D.J. and Rasnitsyn, A.P., 2004. The first Late Cretaceous ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from southern Africa, with comments on the origin of the Myrmicinae. Insect Systematic and Evolution. (35), pp.1-13.
Grebennikov, V.V. and Newton, A.F., 2009. Good-bye Scydmaenidae, or why the ant-like stone beetles should become megadiverse Staphylinidaesensu latissimo (Coleoptera). European Journal of Entomology , 106 (2), pp.275-301.
Grimaldi, D. and Engel, M.S., 2005. Evolution of the Insects . Cambridge University Press.
Haggerty, S.E., Raber, E. and Naeser, C.W., 1983. Fission track dating of kimberlitic zircons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters ,63 (1), pp.41-50.
Herman, L., 2010. Generic revision of the Procirrina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Pinophilini). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 2010 (347), pp.1-78.
Hernando, C. and Andújar, C., 2021. Mitogenomic phylogenetics ofDiochus occultus n. sp., a palaeoendemic endogean species within the tribe Diochini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research59 (1), pp.78-93.
Kopylov, D.S., Brothers, D.J. and Rasnitsyn, A.P., 2010. Two new labenopimpline ichneumonids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of southern Africa. African Invertebrates ,51 (2), pp.423-430.
Kuschel, G., Oberprieler, R.I. and Rayner, R.J., 1994. Cretaceous weevils from southern Africa, with description of a new genus and species and phylogenetic and zoogeographical comments (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Entomologica Scandinavica , 25 (2), pp.137-149.
Lü, L., Cai, C.Y., Zhang, X., Newton, A.F., Thayer, M.K. and Zhou, H.Z., 2020. Linking evolutionary mode to palaeoclimate change reveals rapid radiations of staphylinoid beetles in low-energy conditions.Current Zoology , 66 (4), pp.435-444.
Mashabila, O.C., 2019. The application of cut-off grade principles to enhance mineral resource profitability - Orapa Mine Case Study. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
McKay, I.J. and Rayner, R.J., 1986. Cretaceous fossil insects from Orapa, Botswana. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa , 49 , pp.7-17.
McKay, I.J., 1990. Cretaceous Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Orapa, Botswana. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
McKay, I.J., 1991. Cretaceous Promecognathinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a new genus, phylogenetic reconstruction and zoogeography.Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 44 (1), pp.1-12.
McKenna, D.D., Wild, A.L., Kanda, K., Bellamy, C.L., Beutel, R.G., Caterino, M.S., Farnum C.W., Hawks, D.C., Ivie, M.A., Jameson, M.L., Leschen, R.A.B., Newton, A.F., Robertson, J.A., Thayer, M.K., Whiting, M.F., Lawrence, J.F., Ślipiński, A., Maddison, D.R. and Farrell, B.D., 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology, 40 (4), pp.835-880.
Mnguni, S., 2022. Upper Cretaceous Staphylinidae from Orapa Diamond Mine in Botswana. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Mnguni, S., McKay, I.J. and Badenhorst, S., 2022. Afristenus orapensis : a new genus and species of Steninae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) with “harpoon-like” mouthparts from the Upper Cretaceous lacustrine deposits at Orapa Diamond Mine, Botswana. Cretaceous Research , p.105398.
Naomi, S.I., 2018. Structures and functions of the endophallic copulatory tube in the family Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). In Biology of rove beetles (Staphylinidae)  (pp. 299-320). Springer, Cham.
Rasnitsyn, A.P. and Brothers, D.J., 2007. Two new hymenopteran fossils from the mid-Cretaceous of southern Africa (Hymenoptera: Jurapriidae, Evaniidae). African Invertebrates , 48 (1), pp.193-202.
Rasnitsyn, A.P. and Brothers, D.J., 2009. New genera and species of Maimetshidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea sl) from the Turonian of Botswana, with comments on the status of the family. African Invertebrates , 50 (1), pp.191-204.
Rayner, R.J. and McKay, I.J., 1986. The treasure chest at Orapa Diamond Mine. Botswana Notes and Records , (18 ), pp.55-61.
Rayner, R.J. and Waters, S.B., 1989. A new aphid from the Cretaceous of Botswana. Palaeontology , 32 (3), pp.669-673.
Rayner, R.J. and Waters, S.B., 1990. A Cretaceous crane-fly (Diptera: Tipulidae): 93 million years of stasis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 99 (4), pp.309-318.
Rayner, R.J., Waters, S.B, McKay, I.J, Dobbs, P.N. and Shaw, A.L., 1991. The mid-Cretaceous palaeoenvironment of central Southern Africa (Orapa, Botswana). Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology ,88 , pp.147-156.
Rayner, R.J., 1993. The fossils from the Orapa Diamond Mine: A review.Botswana Notes and Records , 25 (1), pp.1-17.
Rayner, R.J., Kuschel, G. and Oberprieler, R., 1994. Cretaceous weevils from southern Africa, with description of a new genus and species and phylogenetic and zoogeographical comments (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea).Insect Systematics and Evolution , 25 (2), pp.137-149.
Rayner, R.J., Bamford, M.K., Brothers, D.J., Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S., McKay, I.J., Oberprieler, R.G. and Waters, S.B., 1997. Cretaceous fossils from the Orapa Diamond Mine. Palaeontologica Africana , (33 ), pp.55-65.
Schomann, A. and Solodovnikov, A., 2012. A new genus of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous: the first fossil rove beetles from the Southern Hemisphere. Systematic Entomology ,37 (2), pp.379-386.
Schomann, A.M. and Solodovnikov, A., 2017. Phylogenetic placement of the austral rove beetle genus Hyperomma triggers changes in classification of Paederinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).Zoologica Scripta , 46 (3), pp.336-347.
Scotese, C.R., 2021. An Atlas of Phanerozoic Paleogeographic Maps: The Seas Come In and the Seas Go Out. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , (49) , pp.679-728.
Shaw, J.J., Żyła, D. and Solodovnikov, A., 2020. Molecular phylogeny illuminates Amblyopinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) rove beetles as a target for systematic and evolutionary research. Systematic Entomology , 45 (2), pp.430-446.
Shaw, J.J., Solodovnikov, A., Bai, M. and Kaulfuss, U., 2020. An amblyopinine rove beetle (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae, Amblyopinini) from the earliest Miocene Foulden Maar fossil-Lagerstätte, New Zealand. Journal of Paleontology , 94 (6), pp.1082-1088.
Solodovnikov, A., Yue, Y., Tarasov, S. and Ren, D., 2013. Extinct and extant rove beetles meet in the matrix: Early Cretaceous fossils shed light on the evolution of a hyperdiverse insect lineage (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae). Cladistics , 29 (4), pp.360-403.
Waters, S.B., 1989. A new hybotine dipteran from the Cretaceous of Botswana. Palaeontology , 32 (3), pp.657-667.
Waters, S.B., 1989. A Cretaceous dance fly (Diptera: Empididae) from Botswana. Systematic Entomology , 14 (2), pp.233-241.
Waters, S.B., 1990. Cretaceous Diptera from Orapa, Botswana. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Woolley, C., 2016. The first scarabaeid beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) described from the Mesozoic (Late-Cretaceous) of Africa. African Invertebrates , 57 (1), p.53-66.
Żyła, D., Yamamoto, S. and Jenkins Shaw, J., 2019. Total‐evidence approach reveals an extinct lineage of Paederinae rove beetles from Cretaceous Burmese amber. Palaeontology , 62 (6), pp.935-949.
Żyła, D., Bogri, A., Heath, T.A. and Solodovnikov, A., 2021. Total-evidence analysis resolves the phylogenetic position of an enigmatic group of Paederinae rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae).Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 157 , p.107059.