Figure
1. Research method and idea map of the article.
According to the definition of medical and health resources, human,
material and financial resources cover the ”hard resources” in medical
and health resources. In China, due to the large differences in
development status and statistical caliber among provinces, the
selection of medical hard resources can objectively and fairly reflect
the differences among regions, and has certain comparability and
representativeness.Therefore, in terms of data indicators, the article
focuses on ”human, material and financial resources”
In order to comprehensively compare the differences of medical resources
among provinces, four indicators are selected for the total number of
medical and health institutions, total health expenditure, number of
beds in medical institutions and number of medical and health
personnel.In terms of the amount of medical resources per capita, the
indicators of the number of beds of health institutions per 1000 people,
the number of health institutions per 10000 people, the number of health
technicians per 1000 people, and the per capita health cost were
selected.In terms of high-quality medical resources, the comprehensive
ranking of Chinese hospitals produced by Fudan University in 2020 was
selected, and the top 100 hospitals were selected as the basis for
determining the score of high-quality medical resources in each
province.
The above data and indicators are all from the Annual Review of China’s
Statistics and the Annual Review of China’s Health Statistics issued by
the China Health Commission in 2020.
Analysis on the difference of total medical resources among
provinces
There are gaps in the total amount of medical resources among various
provinces in China. In order to facilitate and objectively compare the
differences and differences in the total amount of resources between
regions and facilitate analysis and induction, it is necessary to
distinguish the total amount of medical resources in various regions of
China, select corresponding indicators, and divide 31 provinces and
cities into several categories according to the similarity of the total
amount of resources allocated, and conduct comparative analysis by
category groups as a unit.
As shown in Table 1, four data indicators of total medical resources
have been selected.The number of medical and health institutions and
beds in medical institutions can directly reflect the affordability of
local areas for disease diagnosis and treatment activities, and directly
reflect the material level of regional medical resource allocation. The
number of medical and health personnel is the most important and
objective indicator of medical and health human resources, which refers
to the number of technicians who use medical and preventive equipment
and are engaged in clinical services in all medical and preventive
health institutions in the region. The total health expenditure of a
region is composed of three parts: government, society and individual
health expenditure, which can better represent the strength of the
financial investment in the medical and health field of the local region
and reflect the financial situation of the local medical and health
resources.
In order to facilitate grouping and comparison of differences, the index
data of 31 provinces are clustered.Cluster analysis can automatically
classify samples (or variables) according to their many characteristics
and the degree of closeness without a priori, and produce classification
results. The individual characteristics within the same class are
similar, and the individual characteristics between different classes
are quite different. Q-cluster analysis is to classify all observation
objects according to certain properties, so that objects with similar
properties are classified into the same category, and objects with large
differences in properties are classified into another category. It is
mainly based on the distance between different objects. The close ones
are divided into one category and the far ones into different
categories.This paper uses Q-type clustering and SPSS software to
classify the total amount of medical resources in 31 provinces and
cities in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), and selects a
reasonable number of categories according to the results.
According to the ranking of provinces in China’s annual statistical
examination, the total medical resources of 31 provinces in China are
clustered, and the hierarchical chart of cluster analysis is shown in
Figure 2.