Figure 1. Research method and idea map of the article.
According to the definition of medical and health resources, human, material and financial resources cover the ”hard resources” in medical and health resources. In China, due to the large differences in development status and statistical caliber among provinces, the selection of medical hard resources can objectively and fairly reflect the differences among regions, and has certain comparability and representativeness.Therefore, in terms of data indicators, the article focuses on ”human, material and financial resources”
In order to comprehensively compare the differences of medical resources among provinces, four indicators are selected for the total number of medical and health institutions, total health expenditure, number of beds in medical institutions and number of medical and health personnel.In terms of the amount of medical resources per capita, the indicators of the number of beds of health institutions per 1000 people, the number of health institutions per 10000 people, the number of health technicians per 1000 people, and the per capita health cost were selected.In terms of high-quality medical resources, the comprehensive ranking of Chinese hospitals produced by Fudan University in 2020 was selected, and the top 100 hospitals were selected as the basis for determining the score of high-quality medical resources in each province.
The above data and indicators are all from the Annual Review of China’s Statistics and the Annual Review of China’s Health Statistics issued by the China Health Commission in 2020.
Analysis on the difference of total medical resources among provinces
There are gaps in the total amount of medical resources among various provinces in China. In order to facilitate and objectively compare the differences and differences in the total amount of resources between regions and facilitate analysis and induction, it is necessary to distinguish the total amount of medical resources in various regions of China, select corresponding indicators, and divide 31 provinces and cities into several categories according to the similarity of the total amount of resources allocated, and conduct comparative analysis by category groups as a unit.
As shown in Table 1, four data indicators of total medical resources have been selected.The number of medical and health institutions and beds in medical institutions can directly reflect the affordability of local areas for disease diagnosis and treatment activities, and directly reflect the material level of regional medical resource allocation. The number of medical and health personnel is the most important and objective indicator of medical and health human resources, which refers to the number of technicians who use medical and preventive equipment and are engaged in clinical services in all medical and preventive health institutions in the region. The total health expenditure of a region is composed of three parts: government, society and individual health expenditure, which can better represent the strength of the financial investment in the medical and health field of the local region and reflect the financial situation of the local medical and health resources.
In order to facilitate grouping and comparison of differences, the index data of 31 provinces are clustered.Cluster analysis can automatically classify samples (or variables) according to their many characteristics and the degree of closeness without a priori, and produce classification results. The individual characteristics within the same class are similar, and the individual characteristics between different classes are quite different. Q-cluster analysis is to classify all observation objects according to certain properties, so that objects with similar properties are classified into the same category, and objects with large differences in properties are classified into another category. It is mainly based on the distance between different objects. The close ones are divided into one category and the far ones into different categories.This paper uses Q-type clustering and SPSS software to classify the total amount of medical resources in 31 provinces and cities in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), and selects a reasonable number of categories according to the results.
According to the ranking of provinces in China’s annual statistical examination, the total medical resources of 31 provinces in China are clustered, and the hierarchical chart of cluster analysis is shown in Figure 2.