Figure to Tables and Legends
Table 1. A number of assigned ASVs to a particular sample with
respect to season.
Fig. 1 Work flow of the present study. Parental adults, larvae,
pupae and teneral adults were sampled in two seasons (spring and
summer). Intestinal microbiome of individuals was analyzed using a
combination of several approaches (classical cultivation, DNA and RNA
metabarcoding and TEM). Core microbiome in respect to developmental
stage and season was assessed based on species abundances. Figure
adapted from Six (2011).
Fig. 2. Proportions
of the dominant fungal and bacterial genera change with season, higher
taxonomic ranks are similar. Dominance of Saccharomycetes followed by
Sordariomycetes in the fungal microbiome assessed by cultivation
technique (only summer season) and DNA metabarcode in the spring season
(left column) and the summer season (right column). Dominance of
Gammaproteobacteria and order Enterabacteriales in bacterial microbiome
assessed by DNA metabarcode in the spring season (lift column) and the
summer season (column). *Multiple species were found to have the same
similarity based on blastn search. We chose P. spadix (99.33% of
similarity) and E. billingiae (99.66% of similarity) based on
our data from cultivation techniques (see Peral-Aranega et al., in
press).
Fig. 3. Gut
microbiome is strongly affected by season. A – heatmap representing 15
most abundant bacterial and fungal species. B – NMDS analysis of
bacterial microbiome in respect to season. C – NMDS analysis of fungal
microbiome in respect to season. Seasonality has a strong effect on
bacterial and fungal species distribution (p < 0.001,
Bray-Curtis Permanova, number of permutations 999).*Multiple species
were found to have the same similarity based on blastn search. We choseP. spadix (99.33% of similarity) and E. billingiae(99.66% of similarity) based on our data from cultivation techniques
(see Peral-Aranega et al., in press).
Fig. 4. RNA
metabarcode analysis revealed similar dominant taxa as DNA metabarcode
analysis. Bacterial core microbiome assessed by A – RNA metabarcode, B
– DNA metabarcode. Fungal core microbiome assessed by C – RNA
metabarcode, B – DNA metabarcode. *,**Multiple species were found to
have the same similarity based on blastn search. We chose P.
spadix (99.33% of similarity) and E. billingiae (99.66% of
similarity) based on our data from cultivation techniques (see
Peral-Aranega et al., in press).
Fig. 5. TEM photograph of Ips typographus gut. A – foregut, B
– microvilli epithelium of midgut. Examples of bacterial cells are
highlighted with red arrows, C -microvilli epithelium of hindgut, D -
hindgut detail, Examples of bacterial cells are highlighted with red
arrows. Scale bar = 2 µm.