General SARS-CoV-2 Pathophysiology Mechanism
SARS-CoV-2’s pathophysiology can be summarized as follows: Coughing and
sneezing can spread the SARS-CoV-2 virus to other people. Following
this, the virus enters the lungs via the respiratory tract and assaults
alveolar
epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells, which are also in charge of creating the
surfactant that lowers the surface tension in alveoli and lowers the
pressure that is collapsing. According to reports, the
angiotensin converting enzyme 2
(ACE2) receptors on AT2 cells are engaged by the SARS-CoV-2 spike
proteins (9, 10). The virus uses the ribosome of the host cell to
produce polyproteins after entering the host cell and releasing its
positive sense ssRNA. The ssRNA can also replicate its RNA using RNA
dependent RNA polymerases. The cell packaging structure can be used to
deliver synthesized spike proteins to vesicle carriers. The produced
polyproteins of SARS-CoV-2 are broken down by proteinases in the
cytoplasm (11).