Management Practices Brief Description
Conventional Tillage (CT) (control) Farmers frequently use a tractor-mounted moldboard plough to a depth of 20–25 cm for 4-6 times during the fallow period after clearing or burning previous crop waste.
NT After the main crop was harvested, the previous crop wastes were removed, leaving the land naked and uncultivated until the following planting, which was primarily done with a no-till planter. Weedicide was used to control weed growth.
RT After the main crop was harvested, previous crop residues were cut down, and the soil was inverted, plowed to a depth of 25 to 30 cm, and generally harrowed at a depth of 5-8 cm in the primary tillage.
ST After the primary crop was harvested, previous crop leftovers were cut down, and the soil was plowed deeply by a soil chisel to a depth of 30-35 cm, with its movable wings making a 60 cm gap between its ends.