Identifying key factors for successful formulation and implementation of
health care policies on non-communicable diseases: A multinational
analysis
Abstract
Objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public
health concern that accounts for 74% of global deaths each year. The
purpose of this study is to thematically analyze the contributory
factors in the health policy process and reforms to strengthen the
prevention of NCDs across borders; the milestones achieved through the
process of policymaking, change, and implementation. Method:
This paper informs and draws on the findings of contributory factors in
the health policy process for the prevention of NCDs across borders:
United States of America, England, Sweden, Bangladesh, Singapore, South
Korea, and Thailand. A descriptive qualitative study design guided by
the “Three I’s” framework of public policy (institutions, ideas, and
interests). A purposive sample of key informants who are relative
players in the policymaking process (e-Interview). In addition to the
information obtained from the interviewee, data was also sourced from
relevant documents and homepages suggested by the interviewee as well as
health homepages of the countries. Result: The following themes
were generated: (1) Environmental policies and social determinants, (2)
Multistakeholder involvement, (3) Interministerial collaboration, (4)
Independent evidence and review institution, (5) National database, and
(6) Primary care system. There was a shift from individual-targeted
policies to environmental policies and social determinants. Notably,
national campaigns were developed through Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs) for the primary prevention of NCDs. Conclusion: The
shift from behavioral modification and treatment to social determinants
is important. NCDs are broad and require a multisector and multilevel
approach. The establishment of an organization or hierarchical body to
overlook NCDs could result in increased awareness, focus, and
surveillance, and enhance the policy process.