1. Yang W, Huang J. Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology and Natural History. Neurosurgery clinics of North America. 2017;28:205-10.

2. Uno M, Toi H, Hirai S. Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Elderly Patients: Is This Disease Benign? Neurologia medico-chirurgica. 2017;57:402-9.

3. Huang J, Gao C, Dong J, Zhang J, Jiang R. Drug treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2020;21:435-44.

4. Yu W, Chen W, Jiang Y, Ma M, Zhang W, Zhang X, et al. Effectiveness Comparisons of Drug Therapy on Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2022;13:845386.

5. Wang D, Gao C, Xu X, Chen T, Tian Y, Wei H, et al. Treatment of chronic subdural hematoma with atorvastatin combined with low-dose dexamethasone: phase II randomized proof-of-concept clinical trial. Journal of neurosurgery. 2020:1-9.

6. Zhang J. Expert consensus on drug treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Chinese neurosurgical journal. 2021;7:47.

7. Gong Z, Zhan D, Nie M, Li X, Gao C, Liu X, et al. Dexamethasone enhances the efficacy of atorvastatin in inhibiting excessively inflammation-induced abnormal angiogenesis by regulating macrophages. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18:203.

8. Liu X. SLC Family Transporters. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2019;1141:101-202.

9. Backman JT, Luurila H, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ. Rifampin markedly decreases and gemfibrozil increases the plasma concentrations of atorvastatin and its metabolites. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005;78:154-67.

10. Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Bottcher K, Chaudhry A, Kroemer HK, Schuetz EG, Kim RB. Liver X receptor alpha and farnesoid X receptor are major transcriptional regulators of OATP1B1. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2010;52:1797-807.

11. Kogawa AC, Pires A, Salgado HRN. Atorvastatin: A Review of Analytical Methods for Pharmaceutical Quality Control and Monitoring. Journal of AOAC International. 2019;102:801-9.

12. Tveden-Nyborg P, Bergmann TK, Jessen N, Simonsen U, Lykkesfeldt J. BCPT policy for experimental and clinical studies. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2021;128:4-8.

13. Nirogi R, Kandikere V, Mudigonda K, Bhyrapuneni G, Muddana N, Saralaya R, et al. A simple and rapid method to collect the cerebrospinal fluid of rats and its application for the assessment of drug penetration into the central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods. 2009;178:116-9.

14. Liu M, Zhu D, Wen J, Ding W, Huang S, Xia C, et al. Berberine Promotes OATP1B1 Expression and Rosuvastatin Uptake by Inducing Nuclear Translocation of FXR and LXRalpha. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020;11:375.

15. Saeedi Saravi SS, Saeedi Saravi SS, Arefidoust A, Dehpour AR. The beneficial effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the processes of neurodegeneration. Metabolic brain disease. 2017;32:949-65.

16. Ghittoni R, Lazzerini PE, Pasini FL, Baldari CT. T lymphocytes as targets of statins: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Inflammation & allergy drug targets. 2007;6:3-16.

17. Wood WG, Eckert GP, Igbavboa U, Müller WE. Statins and neuroprotection: a prescription to move the field forward. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2010;1199:69-76.

18. Kristof RA, Grimm JM, Stoffel-Wagner B. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage into the subdural space: possible influence on the pathogenesis and recurrence frequency of chronic subdural hematoma and subdural hygroma. Journal of neurosurgery. 2008;108:275-80.

19. Edlmann E, Giorgi-Coll S, Whitfield PC, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJ. Pathophysiology of chronic subdural haematoma: inflammation, angiogenesis and implications for pharmacotherapy. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14:108.

20. Lennernäs HJCp. Clinical pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin. 2003;42:1141-60.

21. Kureishi Y, Luo Z, Shiojima I, Bialik A, Fulton D, Lefer DJ, et al. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals. Nature medicine. 2000;6:1004-10.

22. Davignon J, Jacob RF, Mason RP. The antioxidant effects of statins. Coronary artery disease. 2004;15:251-8.

23. Thompson BJ, Sanchez-Covarrubias L, Slosky LM, Zhang Y, Laracuente ML, Ronaldson PT. Hypoxia/reoxygenation stress signals an increase in organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a4 (Oatp1a4) at the blood-brain barrier: relevance to CNS drug delivery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014;34:699-707.

24. Draude G, Hrboticky N, Lorenz RL. The expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) on human vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes and its down-regulation by lovastatin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999;57:383-6.

25. Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M, Backman JT. Drug interactions with lipid-lowering drugs: mechanisms and clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006;80:565-81.

26. McCune JS, Hawke RL, LeCluyse EL, Gillenwater HH, Hamilton G, Ritchie J, et al. In vivo and in vitro induction of human cytochrome P4503A4 by dexamethasone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000;68:356-66.

27. Alam K, Crowe A, Wang X, Zhang P, Ding K, Li L, et al. Regulation of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP) 1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Transport: An Updated Review in the Context of OATP-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. International journal of molecular sciences. 2018;19.

28. Yao HT, Hsu YR, Li ML. Beverage-Drug Interaction: Effects of Green Tea Beverage Consumption on Atorvastatin Metabolism and Membrane Transporters in the Small Intestine and Liver of Rats. Membranes (Basel). 2020;10.

29. Huang W, Zhou J, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang H. Decreased H3K9 acetylation level of LXRα mediated dexamethasone-induced placental cholesterol transport dysfunction. Biochimica et biophysica acta Molecular and cell biology of lipids. 2019;1864:158524.

Table 1. Standard curve and correlation coefficient of ATV and its metabolites in plasma