Legends
Table 1. Contribution of the nucleotype and plasmotype diversity to phenotypic differences between reciprocal hybrids. Tiller height at two time points and the rate between them, Days to flowering (DTF), Average Spike dry weight (ASDW), Plant height (PH), Spike length (SL), spike length CV, Spikes dry weight (SpDW), Total dry matter (TDM) and Vegetative dry weight (VDW) in the nethouse under ambient temperature (AT) and high temperature (HT). For clock and Chl F traits: Amplitude, Period, delta Amplitude (dAMP), delta Period (dPeriod), Fv/Fm, F/Fmlss, NPQlss and Rfd in SensyPAN under optimal temperature of 22ºC (OT) or high temperature of 32ºC (HT) and the delta HT-OT.
Figure 1. Life history traits, chlorophyll florescence and circadian clock rhythmicity in barley reciprocal hybrids lines grown under OT and HT . Mild increase in temperature has significant effect on plant performance in the field. Distribution and box plot of life history traits under ambient temperature (AT, black) and high temperature (HT, gray) in reciprocal hybrid lines (a) Days to flowering (DTF), (b ) Vegetative dry weight, (c ) Spikes dry weight (SpDW). Distribution and box plot of mean chlorophyll florescence traits and clock output rhythmicity: (d) Fv/Fm, (e ) NPQlss, (f ) Amplitude, and (g) Period, under optimal temperature (OT, black) and high temperature (HT, gray) in the reciprocal hybrid lines population. For each student’s t-test, the p value is depicted as *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01 or ***: P<0.001.
Figure 2.  Proportion of crosses with significant difference between reciprocal hybrids for phenotypic traits, under OT or AT and HT. Life history traits include: Tiller height (TH) and tiller number (TN) at two time points and the rate between them, Days to flowering (DTF), Average Spike dry weight (ASDW), Plant height (PH), Spike length (SL), spike length CV (SLCV), Spikes dry weight (SpDW), Total dry matter (TDM) and Vegetative dry weight (VDW) for plants in the nethouse under ambient temperature (AT) and high temperature (HT). For clock and Chl F traits: Amplitude, Period, delta Amplitude (dAMP), delta Period (dPeriod), Fv/Fm, F/Fmlss, NPQlss and Rfd in SensyPAM under optimal temperature of 22ºC (OT) or high temperature of 32ºC (HT) and the delta HT-OT. The mean for each type of traits is depicted: Growth or reproductive traits in the greenhouse experiment, and clock or Chl F in the SensyPAM.
Figure 3. Manhattan plots for the Q x E analysis for a) amplitude and b) period. The genome scan relates to three options of interactions between markers and environment following (Malosettiet al. 2013). The location of the previously identifiedDOC loci is indicated. Threshold FDR 0.05 is indicated by a red horizontal line following (Storey & Tibshirani 2003).
Figure 4. Cytonuclear interaction (CNI) in the B1K collection between the chloroplastic rpoC1 gene and DOCs loci under OT and HT conditions Effects for (a) Amplitude for DOC3.2, and for(b) Period for DOC5.1 (c) CNI between DOC3.2 (chr3H_67267835) and rpoC11713 allele for amplitude.(d) CNI between DOC5.1 (chr5H_648981054) and rpoC11713 allele for period per se (left) and for its plasticity (right). Different letters indicate the one-way ANOVA test for significant differences.
Figure 5. B1K F2 population showing clock phenotype and effect of plasmotype in reciprocal lines. (a) Period, and(b) Amplitude, for mean chlorophyll florescence traits in B1K-05-07 and B1K-50-04 F2 population under OT (solid line) and HT (dotted line) conditions for GI gene. Role of plasmotype in clock,(c) Period, and (d) Amplitude, between B1K-05-07 (dotted line) and B1K-50-04 (solid line) in F2 population under OT and HT conditions. Different letters indicates the one-way ANOVA test for significant differences.
Figure 6. Differential clock plasticity in Arabidopsis is linked with disruption of rpoC1 and with overexpression barley alleles. (a) Schematic diagram showing T-DNA insertion in RpoC1 gene (AtCG00180) . Box showing the exon and line showing intron region. (b) Period phenotype ofrpoC1 and WT plants in OT and HT conditions. (c)Schematic diagram showing T-DNA of CaMV35S-Ch transit-RpoC1 construct of B1K-09-07 and B1K-50-04 alleles. (d) Period phenotype of rpoC1 , OE-RpoC1 alleles and WT plants under OT and HT conditions. Different letters indicate the one-way ANOVA test for significant differences.