2.1 Plant material
The source for the ASHER and reciprocal hybrids lines (RHL) populations described in this study are barley accessions (Hordeum vulgaressp. spontaneum ) that we selected from the Barley1K collection in Israel to represent the different genetic clades (Hubner et al. , 2009). In addition, the HID386 is from the IPK collection (Maureret al. 2015). The wild accessions are from Yerucham (B1K-02-02), Michmoret (B1K-03-09), Ein Prat (B1K-04-04), Neomi (B1K-05-07), Ashqelon (B1K-09-07), Mount Arbel (B1K-29-13), Mount Harif (B1K-33-09), Jordan Canal (B1K-42-16), Mount Eitan (B1K-49-19), Mount Hermon (B1K-50-04) and Kisalon, Israel (HID386). The ASHER is an F3 DH population generated from two reciprocal hybrids between Ashkelon (B1K-09-07) and Mount Hermon (B1K-50-04) and we described it in detail earlier (Bdolachet al. 2019). The RHL that differ in their plasmotypes were obtained by two-way intercrossing between 11 wild accessions (from the B1K and HID386) and Noga.