The patient remained relatively stable but was in need of airway
intervention. Of note, the patient was strongly opposed to tracheostomy
and almost refused to proceed, as we could not guarantee that we could
safely manage his airway without a tracheostomy, nor could we guarantee
safe decannulation given his prognosis. The patient was given the option
of leaving AMA or choosing hospice but ultimately agreed to proceed with
surgery.
Given the negative COVID test, clinical picture with absence of fever,
and the likely structural source of airway distress on imaging, we
decided that the patient could be taken to the operating room without
the need for a negative pressure room or PAPRs. Per current hospital
guidelines for aerosolizing procedures (even in presumed COVID-negative
patients), all staff wore N-95 masks, face shields, gowns and gloves.
Our thoracic anesthesiologist (EAO) believed he could likely intubate
the patient orally, and we all agreed that awake tracheostomy or awake
fiberoptic intubation would be difficult due to the tracheal lesion and
the patient’s anxiety. We prepared for rigid and flexible bronchoscopy
as well as possible emergent tracheostomy but proceeded with a rapid
sequence induction using videolaryngoscopy. The anesthesiologist had a
grade I Cormack and Lehane view with the C-Mac videolaryngoscope and was
able to pass an 8.0 endotracheal tube (ETT) through the glottis. Once
ventilation was confirmed, we passed a flexible bronchoscope through the
ETT and visualized the tracheal lesion. We were then able to carefully
pass the tube over the bronchoscope beyond the mass as it was soft. The
table was turned 90 degrees and the patient suspended for telescopic
laryngoscopy with an excellent view using a Lindholm laryngoscope.
Ventilation was held, the ETT cuff was deflated, and the tube was
withdrawn, revealing a pedunculated, friable mass. The mass was removed
with upbiting cupped forceps and sent to pathology (Figure 2 ).
Bleeding was controlled with topical oxymetazoline cottonoids. With the
airway now clear and the patient now known to be an easy intubation via
direct laryngoscopy, the decision was made to extubate the
patient.
The patient had immediate resolution of
stridor and dyspnea and was discharged the following day. Pathology of
the tracheal mass revealed carcinoma with similar appearance to his
tonsil cancer, strongly suggesting metastatic disease involving the
anterior tracheal wall.