Patients and methods
Serological testing including blood group, antibody screening, and direct antiglobulintest were performed by standard techniques using the gel cards (Biorad, Cressier sur Morat, Switzerland and Grifols SA, Barcelona, Spain). Only Rh(D) positive women who had at least two pregnancy losses have been included in this retrospective study. 59 women (age 23 - 45 years) had inheritable genetic abnormalities (thrombophilias), one women did not give consent to genetic testing but had thrombophilia history in her anamnesis. All women had ineffective pretreatment with LMWH and/or aspirin. They were treated on an outpatient basis between 2016 and 2021 at our practice, the Haemostaseologicum Mitte in Berlin. All medical records and investigations were retrospectively reviewed.
Dependend on presentation, unpregnant women were introduced to admit themselves Anti-D (300 µg Rhophylac, CSL Behring) five to ten days prior to the expected ovulation, and two times within the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. All other women were presented within short time when they became aware of their pregnancy, and received, similar to the other group, two times Anti-D.
All women were clinically examined and investigated for underlying diseases which might be responsible for the RPL. In addition, they were tested for thrombophilia.
Informed written consent was obtained for participation, and the local ethics review board was briefed about this study.
Statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS statistics 28.0 software.