Figure 1. Partitioning of individual traits variance across
four nested scales through Partvar procedure, using data collected from
2017 to 2020. All data were normalized (log-transformation), except for
specific root mass values which have been square-root transformed. The
significance of the variance components (* p < 0.05; n.s. p
> 0.05) was assessed by bootstrapping. N = 1430.
All studied traits exhibited larger variations within sites than among
sites. Time (year) and space (site) had few influence (both additive
effects explaining less than 8% of variance in all traits), even when
they were significant. Conversely, phylogeny explained most of the
variance within sites (Fig. 1). Most traits (with the exception of
internode mass and LDMC) exhibited higher trait variance at the
intraspecific scale as compared with the interspecific one. The
intraspecific variance of the trait was even maximal in the internode
length (79.48%) and the maximum root length (65.52%).
Variations of most traits were affected by both abiotic and
biotic
variables
Table 2. Traits responses to abiotic and biotic variables of
pond habitat. Traits were considered by category (all, MANOVA tests) or
one by one (ANOVA tests). MANOVA and ANOVA tests were both performed
based on the most probable models (see Materials and Methods for
details), using data recorded in 2020. Bolded predictors had a
significant effect on trait values. Water and sediment nutrient
dimensions were each reduced to the first axis of a PCA analysis
(Supporting information 2 and 3), referred as ‘water nutrients’ and
‘sediment nutrients’. To take the influence of species abundance within
ponds into account, we also added the first-three axes of a FCA
performed on species abundance (Supporting information 4). Among the
tested variables, functional diversity, Pielou evenness, dissolved
oxygen, and pond area did not have effects on any trait responses.