\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Critical Size of Silver Iodide Containing Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding
Particles}



\author[1]{Jie Chen}%
\author[2]{Carolin Rösch}%
\author[1]{Michael Rösch}%
\author[3]{Aleksei Shilin}%
\author[2]{Zamin A. Kanji}%
\affil[1]{ETH Zürich}%
\affil[2]{ETH Zurich}%
\affil[3]{Cloud Seeding Technologies}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 05, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Cloud seeding is considered a practical but unproved method to enhance
precipitation or suppress hail, due to the insufficient knowledge of ice
formation and evolution after seeding clouds with ice nucleating
particles. This study investigates the aerosol size effects on the ice
nucleation of commercial silver iodide (AgI) containing flares under
cloud-seeding conditions. The generated aerosol exhibited comparable ice
nucleation ability (INA) to pure AgI particles in the size range of 200
and 400 nm. Non-AgI impurities reduced the INA of flare particles
\textless{}90 nm, which is higher when compared to pure AgI (\textless{}
40 nm). The critical mass ice-active site density of the generated
aerosols (critical-nm) was derived based on our findings, indicating the
minimum mass concentration of AgI particles required for efficient ice
nucleation. The new parameterization to predict critical-nm can serve as
a reference to optimize the effectiveness of cloud-seeding materials for
practical use.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

