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\begin{document}

\title{Innovative Technologies in Teaching and Learning: Incorporating Recent
Developments in Virtual and Augmented Reality into Active Learning at
the University of Georgia}



\author[1]{Sergio Bernardes}%
\author[2]{Allison Howard}%
\author[1]{Akshay Mendki}%
\author[1]{Ashurst Walker}%
\author[1]{Dhaval Bhanderi}%
\author[1]{Lillian Le}%
\author[2]{Angela Tsao}%
\author[1]{Marguerite Madden}%
\affil[1]{Center for Geospatial Research - University of Georgia}%
\affil[2]{University of Georgia}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
This work presents system concepts, integration efforts and results of
the incorporation of recent advances in geospatial technologies,
including augmented reality, virtual reality and unmanned aerial systems
(UAS), into teaching and learning in the geosciences. Descriptions
include the exploration of multiple technological alternatives and
introduce system design and integration to enhance and innovate
instructional materials in classrooms. The 3D Immersion and
Geovisualization (3DIG) system, implemented at the Center for Geospatial
Research at the University of Georgia incorporates augmented/customized
commercial-off-the-shelf solutions for data acquisition, visualization
and human-machine interaction. Through the immersive capabilities of
3DIG, students can be involved in a full data
acquisition-processing-analysis workflow. Data streams are used for
system integration, with emphasis to model generation/manipulation and
remote sensing applications, including multispectral data
acquisition/analyses, structure-from-motion based point-cloud/model
generation, DEM and texture extraction, and orthomosaics. Resulting
products are used with virtual and mixed reality holographic devices, a
Geographic Information System (GIS) and with game engines (Unreal Engine
and Unity) to create realistic multi-scale multi-theme 3D
reconstructions of planet Earth, landscapes and/or objects. Among other
system components, an augmented reality digital sandbox equipped with
two depth cameras supports experiential learning and experimentation
involving scaled down replicas of landscapes or user-defined
topographies. The system allows for fast representation of landscape
changes (near-real time response), which simulates fluid flow over
modified terrain, as well as quantitative analyses, modeling and what-if
scenarios through the integration with a GIS. The 3DIG system has been
incorporated into classwork and results have been evaluated. This work
introduces the interconnected and complementary technologies of 3DIG;
presents lessons learned during system design; introduces system
implementation and evolution (including the recent integration of new
components); describes system use for hands-on and immersive
experiential learning; and discusses system evaluation.%
\end{abstract}%



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