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\begin{document}

\title{Immunity to slope failures from distribution of slope failures induced
by the 1945 Makurazaki typhoon and the 2018 heavy rainfall occured in
the southern part of Hiroshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan}



\author[1]{Yoshiya Iwasa}%
\affil[1]{Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University}%


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  \date{June 06, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The immunity to slope failure is the concept that once slope failure
occurs, slope failure does not recur until the soil layer recovers. It
is adequate to examine whether two slope failures occurred on the same
slope or not in order to verify whether the immunity to slope failures
is maintained during a certain period. Two heavy rainfall the 1945
Makurazaki typhoon and the 2018 heavy rainfall occurred in the southern
part of Hiroshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan in the almost same
region. The aim of this study is to reveal the distribution of slope
failures induced by the Makurazaki typhoon and to verify whether the
immunity to slope failures is maintained during the Makurazaki typhoon
and the 2018 heavy rainfall. Based on the interpretation of aerial
photograph, it is revealed that the number of slope failures induced by
the Makurazaki typhoon was 3,787. It is considered that the occurrence
of slope failures and the amount of precipitation may be related. Areas
of high slope failure density overlap in both the Makurazaki typhoon and
the 2018 heavy rainfall. Thus, the immunity does not exist, or the
effective period is shorter than 73 years on a mountain or watershed
scale. However, 113 slope failures were caused with the 2018 heavy
rainfall on the same slope where slope failure occurred with the
Makurazaki typhoon, and the slope failure which recurred was only 1.4\%
of the whole slope failures. In addition, the length of the slope
failure caused with the 2018 heavy rainfall on the same slope where
slope failure occurred with the Makurazaki typhoon was shorter than that
of the Makurazaki typhoon.These results suggest that the surface soil on
the slope where slope failure occurred with the Makurazaki typhoon did
not recover sufficiently during the period of 73 years up to the 2018
heavy rainfall, and that the immunity to the slope failure was
maintained.%
\end{abstract}%



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