Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
AcknowledgementsThis work has been supported by the Virginia Tech Cunningham Doctoral Fellowship, the Geological Society of America Graduate Research Grant Program, and the National Science Foundation (DEB-1753639, CNS-1737424, DBI-1933016). We gratefully acknowledge the Western Virginia Water Authority for allowing us access to the reservoir to conduct these experiments and Jeff Parks for ICP-MS analysis. We also thank Abby Lewis, Heather Wander, and the entire Virginia Tech Reservoir Group research team for field support.