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\begin{document}

\title{On the Role of Eddy Mixing in the Subtropical Ocean Circulation}



\author[1]{Tongya Liu}%
\author[2]{Hsien-Wang Ou}%
\author[1]{Xiaohui Liu}%
\author[1]{Dake Chen}%
\affil[1]{State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics}%
\affil[2]{Columbia University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 28, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Most of the classic wind-driven circulation theories based on the
Sverdrup balance have neglected the profound influence of eddy mixing on
the large-scale distribution of the potential vorticity (PV), thus
failing to explain some prominent features of the observed circulation.
In this study, using a series of numerical experiments based on the
MITgcm, we diagnose the PV balance to quantify the effect of eddy mixing
on the subtropical gyre. Four grid-spacings of 1, 1/3.2, 1/10, and 1/32
degrees are selected to compare the structure of the upper-ocean
circulation. In the 1\selectlanguage{ngerman}° grid case, the structure of the thermocline is as
predicted by the Sverdrup dynamics, with its maximum depth located in
the subtropical interior where the wind stress curl is strongest. With
increasing resolution, however, this maximum depth is displaced toward
the subtropical front, which more closely resembles the observed
thermocline. From 1° to 1/32°, the enhanced eddy mixing tends to
homogenize the macroscopic PV in the subtropical gyre and reduces the
latitudinal PV range to about 25\% of the non-eddy solution; and the
region where the Sverdrup balance holds is relegated to isolated
patches, with its area reduced by about 60\%. Furthermore, sensitivity
experiments show that the observed thermocline structure is well
reproduced in eddy-resolving runs, indicating that the PV mixing
provides a better explanation of the subtropical circulation than the
Sverdrup dynamics. Our results suggest that the Sverdrup relationship
should be treated carefully in the eddy-rich region, even in the
subtropical interior.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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