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\begin{document}

\title{Salinity Tolerance in Cyanobacteria: evaluating assumptions in ancestral
state reconstructions}



\author[1]{Jennifer Reeve}%
\author[1]{Boswell Wing}%
\affil[1]{University of Colorado Boulder}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 03, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Oxygen first arose in Earth's atmosphere 2.3 billion years ago, but
geochemical evidence suggests that small pockets of oxygen may have
arisen earlier than the atmospheric rise in oxygen. Cyanobacteria, a
modern phylum of bacteria, are believed to have been the driving force
behind the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere, and there are two basic
hypotheses about how they caused this major geologic event. There is a
hypothesis, called the `ecological' hypothesis, that suggests
cyanobacteria were unable to live in most environments initially, and
thus we see the evidence for pockets of oxygen earlier than the
atmospheric rise in oxygen. Specifically, the `ecological' hypothesis
says that cyanobacteria originally were unable to swim and couldn't live
in saline water, meaning seawater. However, the data for this only
considers two possible states for the levels of salinity: freshwater and
seawater. We used data from the literature and from experiments to show
that the gradient of salinity matters to the ability of cyanobacteria to
live in environments, and that we cannot say what salinity levels a
cyanobacteria can tolerate based on where they were found alone. See
supplemental file for full abstract.%
\end{abstract}%



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