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\begin{document}

\title{A new, zero-iteration analytic implementation of wet-bulb globe
temperature: development, validation and comparison with other methods}



\author[1]{Qinqin Kong}%
\author[1]{Matthew Huber}%
\affil[1]{Purdue University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 04, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)--a standard measure for workplace heat
stress regulation--incorporates the complex, nonlinear interaction among
temperature, humidity, wind and radiation. This complexity requires WBGT
to be calculated iteratively following the recommended approach
developed by Liljegren and colleagues. The need for iteration has
limited the wide application of Liljegren's approach, and stimulated
various simplified WBGT approximations that do not require iteration but
are potentially seriously biased. By carefully examining the
self-nonlinearities in Liljegren's model, we develop a zero-iteration
analytic approximation of WBGT while maintaining sufficient accuracy and
the physical basis of the original model. The new approximation slightly
deviates from Liljegren's full model---by less than 1oC in
99\textbackslash{}\% cases over 93\textbackslash{}\% of global land
area. The annual mean and 75-99\textbackslash{}\% percentiles of WBGT
are also well represented with biases within \selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.5oC globally. This
approximation is clearly more accurate than other commonly used WBGT
approximations. Physical intuition can be developed on the processes
controlling WBGT variations from an energy balance perspective. This may
provide a basis for applying WBGT to understanding the physical control
of heat stress.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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