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\begin{document}

\title{Adequacy of HRU and Grid-based Hydrological Models for Streamflow
Simulation in a Paddy-Dominated Agricultural Catchment}



\author[1]{Sonam Sandeep Dash}%
\author[1]{Bhabagrahi Sahoo}%
\author[1]{Narendra Singh Raghuwanshi}%
\affil[1]{IIT Kharagpur}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 19, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Catchment-scale streamflow assessment in the paddy-dominated catchments
using the available hydrological models is highly intricate due to the
presence of significant ponding water during the rainy season and
irrigation events. While the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and
Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model could be some suitable
options for this, the model conceptualization, discretization of spatial
domain, involved computational time, and these integrated effects on
streamflow simulation are yet to be evaluated. Hence, this study
evaluates the performances of the semi-distributed hydrologic response
unit (HRU) based SWAT-pothole and grid-based VIC model for
catchment-scale streamflow simulation; and subsequently, assesses the
effect of the spatial domain representation of the catchment on the
model computational requirement. The selected study is the 12,014 km2
Kangsabati River basin (KRB) of eastern India that consists of about
46\% paddy land use with the tropical monsoon type climate having
complex paddy field dynamics. SWAT is set up for the whole KRB using the
add-in reservoir module; whereas the VIC model, due to the absence of
reservoir module, is set up individually for the upstream river
catchment and the downstream reservoir-catchment command. The SWAT setup
consisted of 44 and 191 discrete sub-basins and HRUs, respectively.
Conversely, the VIC setup resulted in 31 grids with 0.25\selectlanguage{ngerman}°0.25° spatial
discretization. The model simulation results reveal that the
SWAT-pothole approach performed better with the Nash-Sutcliffe
Efficiency (NSE) estimate of 0.79 than the standalone VIC model
(NSE=0.68). However, the other water balance components, viz.
evapotranspiration, baseflow, and percolation are far away from reality
in both the models which could be attributed to the non-accountability
of irrigation return flow by the SWAT-pothole model. The inferior water
balance simulation in VIC could be aggravated due to the absence of crop
management module and ignorance of explicit paddy land use class in a
VIC grid. These findings highlight the future scope of including more
dynamic spatial representation of paddy land use in the SWAT and VIC
model domain for their application in other similar world river basins.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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