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\begin{document}

\title{On the Detection of Upper Mantle Discontinuities with Radon-Transformed
Ps Receiver Functions (CRISP-RF)}



\author[1]{Tolulope Olugboji}%
\author[1]{Ziqi Zhang}%
\author[1]{Steve Carr}%
\author[2]{Canberk Ekmekci}%
\author[2,3]{Mujdat Cetin}%
\affil[1]{Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester}%
\affil[2]{Department of Computer Engineering, University of Rochester}%
\affil[3]{Georgen Institute of Data Sciences, University of Rochester}%


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  \date{May 21, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Seismic interrogation of the upper mantle from the base of the crust to
the top of the mantle transition zone has revealed discontinuities that
are variable in space, depth, lateral extent, amplitude, and lack a
unified explanation for their origin. Improved constraints on the
detectability and properties of mantle discontinuities can be obtained
with P-to-S receiver function (Ps-RF) where energy scatters from P to S
as seismic waves propagate across discontinuities of interest. However,
due to the interference of crustal multiples, uppermost mantle
discontinuities are more commonly imaged with lower resolution S-to-P
receiver function (Sp-RF). In this study, a new method called CRISP-RF
(Clean Receiver-function Imaging using SParse Radon Filters) is
proposed, which incorporates ideas from compressive sensing and
model-based image reconstruction. The central idea involves applying a
sparse Radon transform to effectively decompose the Ps-RF into its
underlying wavefield contributions, i.e., direct conversions, multiples,
and noise, based on the phase moveout and coherence. A masking filter is
then designed and applied to create a multiple-free and denoised Ps-RF.
We demonstrate, using synthetic experiment, that our implementation of
the Radon transform using a sparsity-promoting regularization
outperforms the conventional least-squares methods and can effectively
isolate direct Ps conversions. We further apply the CRISP-RF workflow on
real data, including single station data on cratons,
common-conversion-point (CCP) stack at continental margins, and seismic
data from ocean islands. The application of CRISP-RF to global datasets
will advance our understanding of the enigmatic origins of the upper
mantle discontinuities like the ubiquitous Mid-Lithospheric
Discontinuity (MLD) and the elusive X-discontinuity.%
\end{abstract}%



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