Xiaowen Jia,b,c, Evgeny
Abakumovb, Vyacheslav Polyakovb,d,e,
Xianchuan Xiea*
aState Key Laboratory of
Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
bDepartment of Applied
Ecology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199178,
Russian Federation
c School of Environment and
Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5B3,
Canada
d Arctic and Antarctic Research
Institute, Saint Petersburg, 199397, Russian Federation
e Department of Soil Science and
Agrochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Pushkin,
Saint Petersburg, 19660, Russian Federation
* Corresponding author’s e-mail:
xchxie@nju.edu.com
Text S1. The detailed description of pH values for
supra-permafrost water in TA, SY, and MU for different sampling months.
For all periods, the supra-permafrost waters were very acidic with the
pH values ranging from 4.06 to 4.93 for Ta, from 3.80 to 4.83 for Sy,
and from 3.70 to 4.86 for Mu. In spring the pH values ranged from 4.06
to 4.20 (mean = 4.13) for Ta, from 3.80 to 3.89 (mean = 3.84) for Sy,
from 3.70 to 3.96 (mean = 3.81) for Mu. During early June to end of
August, the pH ranged from 4.2 to 4.57 (mean = 4.40) for Ta, from 3.81
to 4.57 (mean = 4.26) for Sy, and from 3.90 to 4.67 (mean = 4.33) for
Mu. During autumn, the pH values ranged from 4.5 to 4.9 (mean = 4.77)
for Ta, from 4.34 to 4.83 (mean = 4.62) for Sy, and from 4.15 to 4.86
(mean = 4.65) for Mu. The lowest concentrations for three sites were
approximately at the beginning of May, and the highest concentrations
for three sites were observed in October 12, 2016.
Text S2. The detailed description of pH values for the surface
water surrounding the soil cores for different sampling months.
Ta exhibited acidity (pH = 6.31-6.85) from spring to the late summer in
the streams and kept neutral during autumn seasons, except for two dates
in late September. For the Taz river, the pH values ranged from 6.82 to
7.15, with the average value of 6.99 from spring to the beginning of
summer and decreased beginning late July. From August, pH values showed
an increasing trend until the beginning of October, when the pH values
reached their peak (pH = 8.14). In Mu, the pH values of streams
fluctuated from 6.11 (the beginning of May) to 6.43 (the end of August)
and raised dramatically to between 6.91 and 7.15 from September to the
middle of October. The Murtyyakha river showed a relatively higher pH
value at the end of May (6.91) and middle of June (6.92), during early
summertime and gradually increased from the end of summer to the late
autumn with the peak value of 7.84. Sy revealed more acidic pH values
(5.71-5.92) in the streams during May and kept stable pH values during
June to July, while pH values increased significantly in August and
gradually increased until October. The Syoyakha river also showed
acidity before late autumn, except for two peaks where the pH values
were close to 7 in May and June and the highest pH values were observed
in the beginning of October (pH = 7.44).
Text S3. CO2, CH4 and DOC in
the surrounding hydrological streams.
In SY, the average CO2 concentration increased from May (164 μmol L-1)
to October (178 μmol L-1). CH4 average concentrations increased from 32
to 37 μmol L-1 from May to October and that of DOC increased from 164 to
178 mg L-1 from May to October. The same increasing trends were observed
in MU and TA. During May to October, the average DOC, CO2 and CH4
concentrations for MU rose from 32 mg L-1, 162 μmol L-1 and 5 μmol L-1
to 38 mg L-1, 178 μmol L-1and 11μmol L-1 respectively, which for TA rose
from 39 mg L-1, 202 μmol L-1 and 4 μmol L-1 to 61 mg L-1, 288 μmol
L-1and 14 μmol L-1 respectively. The apparent increasing time for MU and
SY was in August while for TA was in July.
Table S1. EDX results for
soil core collected adjacent to Taz river (TA), Syoyakha river (SY), and
Murtyyakha (MU) river in Yamal-Nets Autonomous Region. The values are in
mg kg-1.