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\begin{document}

\title{Survival of the strong, slow, and dense: Field evidence for rapid,
transport-dependent bed material abrasion of heterogeneous source
lithology}



\author[1]{Allison Pfeiffer}%
\author[2]{Susannah Marie Morey}%
\author[2]{Hannah Mae Karlsson}%
\author[3]{Edward M Fordham}%
\author[2]{David R. Montgomery}%
\affil[1]{Western Washington University}%
\affil[2]{University of Washington}%
\affil[3]{Westerh Washington University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Bed material abrasion is a major control on the partitioning of
basin-scale sediment fluxes between coarse and fine material. While
abrasion is traditionally treated as an exponential function of
transport distance and a lithology-specific abrasion coefficient,
experimental studies have demonstrated greater complexity in the
abrasion process: the rate of abrasion varies with clast angularity,
transport rate, and grain size. Yet, few studies have attempted to
assess the importance of these complexities in a field setting. Here, we
develop a new method for rapidly quantifying baseline abrasion rate in
the field via Schmidt Hammer Rock Strength (SHRS). We use this method,
along with measurements of gravel bar lithology, to quantify abrasion in
the Suiattle River, a basin in the North Cascades of Washington State
dominated by a single coarse sediment source: recurrent, debris flows
from a tributary draining Glacier Peak stratovolcano. Rapid downstream
strengthening of river bar sediment and a preferential loss of weak,
low-density vesicular volcanic clasts relative to non-vesicular ones
suggest that abrasion is extremely effective in this system. The
standard exponential model for downstream abrasion fails to reproduce
observed downstream patterns in lithology and clast strength in the
Suiattle, despite accounting for the heterogeneity of source material
strength and systematic underestimate of abrasion rates by tumbler
experiments. Incorporating transport-dependent abrasion into our model
largely resolves this failure. While a simplified approach to
characterizing abrasion is tempting, our findings show that sediment
heterogeneity and transport-dependent abrasion are important controls on
the downstream fate of coarse sediment in fluvial systems.%
\end{abstract}%



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