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\begin{document}

\title{Surface ocean cooling in the Eocene North Atlantic coincides with
declining atmospheric CO\textsubscript{2}}



\author[1]{Gordon N. Inglis}%
\author[2]{Rehemat Bhatia}%
\author[1]{David Evans}%
\author[3]{Jiang Zhu}%
\author[4]{Wolfgang Müller}%
\author[5]{David Mattey}%
\author[2]{David Thornalley}%
\author[6]{Richard Stockey}%
\author[2]{Bridget Wade}%
\affil[1]{University of Southampton}%
\affil[2]{University College London}%
\affil[3]{National Center for Atmospheric Research}%
\affil[4]{Unknown}%
\affil[5]{Royal Holloway University}%
\affil[6]{School of Ocean and Earth Science}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 23, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Eocene (56--34 million years ago) is characterised by declining sea
surface temperatures (SSTs) in the low latitudes (\textasciitilde{}4\selectlanguage{ngerman}°C)
and high southern latitudes (\textasciitilde{}8-11°C), in accord with
decreasing CO\textsubscript{2} estimates. However, in the mid-to-high
northern latitudes there is no evidence for surface water cooling,
suggesting thermal decoupling between northern and southern hemispheres
and additional non-CO\textsubscript{2} controls. To explore this
further, we present a multi-proxy (Mg/Ca, \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{18}O, TEX86)
SST record from the western North Atlantic (\textasciitilde{}36\selectlanguage{ngerman}°N
paleolatitude). Our data confirm a long-term decline in SSTs of
\textasciitilde{}5°C between the early (\textasciitilde{}53 Ma) and the
middle (\textasciitilde{}42 Ma) Eocene, supporting declining atmospheric
CO\textsubscript{2} as the primary mechanism of Eocene cooling. However,
from the middle Eocene onwards, North Atlantic zonal temperature
gradients are decoupled, which we attribute to the incursion of warmer
waters into the eastern North Atlantic and the inception of Northern
Component Water across the early-middle Eocene transition.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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