Participants
Women in labour and their newborns, both singleton and multiple gestations were eligible for participation. All stillbirths were excluded and reported in a separate study. 36Participants were enrolled once their hospital admission completed and consented to video recording of the newborn immediate care and evaluation. Consent was confirmed post-partum. If prospective consent was not possible, participants were enrolled after giving consent, as soon as possible after childbirth. All HW at the four maternity wards consented to participate, and no economic incentives were provided.