2.1 Conductances
Pedersen and Hall conductances are calculated from the SAMI3 model
(Huba et al., 2000; Huba et al., 2008) following the
standard relations described e.g. in Maeda (1977). We have not included
nonlinear or turbulent sources of Pedersen conductance such as those
described by Merkin et al., 2005; Dimant and Oppenheim, 2011 and
Wiltberger et al., 2017. SAMI3 solves for the dynamic plasma and
chemical evolution of seven ion species (H+,
He+, N2+,
O+, N+, NO+, and
O2+) on a field-aligned magnetic apex
coordinate grid (Richmond , 1995) extending up to
88o MLAT. Photoionization is calculated using solar
flux from the EUV flux model for aeronomic calculations (EUVAC) by
Richards et al. (1994). The Hardy model [Hardy et al.,1985, 1989] provides auroral electron and ion precipitation
estimates based on the KP index. The neutral
atmosphere is specified by the Horizontal Wind Model 2014 by Drob
et al. [2015] and the Naval Research Laboratory’s Mass Spectrometer
Incoherent Scatter Model 2000 of neutral atmospheric densities byPicone et al. [2002]. An example of these conductances at 0
UT is shown in Figure 2. In this case, noon is at 0° longitude and
therefore is on the right-hand side of the panels.