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\begin{document}

\title{Climatic controls on individual ostracode stable isotopes in a desert
lake: a modern baseline for Lake Turkana}



\author[1,1]{Kaustubh Thirumalai}%
\author[1,1]{Andrew S Cohen}%
\author[1,1]{Dustin Taylor}%
\affil[1]{University of Arizona}%


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  \date{May 04, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Stable carbon (\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹³C) and oxygen (\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹\selectlanguage{english}8O) isotope measurements in
lacustrine ostracodes are widely used to infer past climatic conditions.
Previous work has used individual ostracode valves to resolve seasonal
and subdecadal climate signals, yet environmental controls on
geochemical variability within co-occurring specimens from modern
samples are poorly constrained. Here we focus on individual ostracode
valves in modern-aged Lake Turkana sediments, an alkaline desert lake in
tropical East Africa. We present individual ostracode valve analyses
(IOVA) of \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹³C and \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹\selectlanguage{english}8O measurements (n = 329) of extant species
Sclerocypris clavularis from 17 sites spanning the entire lake (n-avg
\textasciitilde{}19 specimens per site). We demonstrate that the pooled
statistics of individual valve measurements at each site overcome
inter-specimen isotopic variance and are driven by hydrological
variability in the lake. Mean IOVA-\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹³C and -\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹\selectlanguage{english}8O across the sites
exhibit strong spatial trends with higher values at more southerly
latitudes, modulated by distance from the inflow of the Omo River.
Whereas the latitudinal \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹³C gradient reflects low riverine \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹³C and
decreasing lacustrine productivity towards the southern part of the
lake, the \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹\selectlanguage{english}8O gradient is controlled by evaporation superimposed on the
waning influence of low-\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹\selectlanguage{english}8O Omo River waters, sourced from the
Ethiopian highlands. We show that ostracode \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹\selectlanguage{english}8Oproximal to Omo River
inflow is deposited under near-equilibrium conditions and that
inter-specimen \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹\selectlanguage{english}8O variability across the basin is consistent with
observed temperature and lake water \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{ngerman}¹\selectlanguage{english}8O variability. IOVA can provide
skillful constraints on high-frequency paleoenvironmental signals and,
in Omo-Turkana sediments, yield quantitative insights into East African
paleohydrology.%
\end{abstract}%



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