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\begin{document}

\title{Direct dating Paleo-fluid flow events in sedimentary basins}



\author[1]{Peng Yang}%
\author[1]{Keyu Liu}%
\author[2]{Zhen Li}%
\author[2]{Kai Rankenburg}%
\author[3]{Brent I.A. McInnes}%
\author[1]{Jianliang Liu}%
\author[3]{Noreen J. Evans}%
\affil[1]{China University of Petroleum (East China)}%
\affil[2]{Curtin University}%
\affil[3]{School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University}%


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  \date{June 06, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Reconstructing fluid evolution history in old sedimentary basins is
extremely challenging due to the prolonged evolution, lack of exact age
constraints and absence of preserved fluids. By integrating
\emph{in-situ} calcite U-Pb dating, fluid inclusion analysis, and
high-resolution measurements of carbon-oxygen-strontium isotopes and
rare earth elements (REEs), we have reconstructed the fluid evolution
history in an Ordovician deeply-buried carbonate reservoir in the Tarim
Basin, China with unprecedented temporal resolution. Five generations of
calcite cementation spanning over 37 m.y. are dated in a single calcite
vein with U-Pb ages ranging from \textasciitilde{}353 Ma to
\textasciitilde{}316 Ma. The initial cement was associated with an
intrusion of hyper-saline brine enriched REEs. This was followed by
influx of meteoric water to precipitate the second and third generations
of cement, characterized by a reduced salinity, anomalously high Sr
isotopic ratios and extremely low concentrations of REEs. The fourth
generation of cement was formed in a deep-fluid system accompanied by
oil charge as indicated by the presence of bitumen, oil inclusions and
lighter C and Sr isotope ratios. The fifth generation of cement was
precipitated from an equilibrated connate water, having the lowest
salinity and a comparable REE signature with the host rock. Oil charge
was dated to be around 326 Ma. This study demonstrates the effectiveness
in combining \emph{in-situ} calcite U-Pb geochronology, fluid inclusion
analysis and other geochemical analyses to elucidate high-resolution
temporal fluid evolution in an old sedimentary basin with a complex
tectonic history, providing a new paradigm for studying geofluid
evolution.%
\end{abstract}%



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