Figure Captions
Figure 1. Latent heat flux (LHF) is negative out-of-ocean for (a) CYGNSS SDR2.0 2018-2022 and (b) GISS ModelE-2.1+MERRA2u/v. (c) Difference b-a shows negative GISS biases in the eastern parts of ocean basins, with positive biases (red, too much GISS-E2.1 flux) in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean just off equator.
Figure 2. (a) Percent of timesteps (equivalent to percentage of year) each location spends as an AR or (b) as ARgenesis. Latitude and longitude grids are marked every 20°, with the CYGNSS ±38° domain marked in pink. (c) CYGNSS and (d) GISS-E2.1+MERRA2u/v (±38°) : Relative frequency of surface latent heat flux for AllAR (red), ARgenesis (blue), or nonAR (yellow). There is greater latent heat flux out of the ocean for Non-AR’s.
Figure 3. Exemplar moisture source using GISS-E2.1 VSD tracers for an AR (pink inset) in the South Pacific in January 2021 during(a) ARgenesis and (b) AR at landfall. Anomaly between blue/green greater moisture source during the AR and brown/tan greater moisture source during climatology (c) ARgenesis and(d) AR at landfall.
Figure 4. Degrees equatorward of moisture (left column) source for ARgenesis (purple), AllAR (red) and nonARs (grey) for global (a), Pacific (b), and Atlantic (c). Bars are the standard deviation about the mean. Transport distance for moisture (right column) for ARgenesis (purple), AllAR (red) and nonARs (grey) for global (d), Pacific (e), and Atlantic (f). Colored bars are the zonal average standard deviation about the mean. Grey bars indicate the number of AllARs.