\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Transient porosity generated at the serpentinization front}



\author[1]{Simone Pujatti}%
\author[1]{Benjamin Tutolo}%
\author[2]{Oliver Plümper}%
\affil[1]{University of Calgary}%
\affil[2]{Utrecht University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 07, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Serpentinization ubiquitously affects ultramafic rocks that interact
with water, with strong implications for the origin of ancient microbial
ecosystems, the chemical budget of the ocean, and the rheology of the
oceanic crust. The increase in volume associated with this reaction, and
its consequences for reaction progress, have been debated for over a
century. Serpentine minerals are \textasciitilde{}40\% more voluminous
than olivine, which suggests that fully serpentinized peridotite should
have negative, or at least very low, porosity. Recent studies have
proposed that self-propagating, reaction-driven fracturing can
facilitate serpentinization reactions, but the nanoscale mechanisms by
which fluid is transported through serpentinized fractures in order to
react with fresh olivine surfaces remain poorly understood. To address
this issue, we studied a sample of serpentinized harzburgite collected
during ODP expedition 209 at site 1274, using Focused Ion Beam --
Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM)-assisted tomography. We
specifically targeted the interface between the serpentinized peridotite
and the unaltered primary mineralogy. The resultant images illustrate
the presence of nanopores within the serpentine alteration products,
primarily at the interface with the unreplaced minerals. Importantly, no
pores were observed in the serpentine away from the grain boundaries
with olivine, suggesting that these nanopores form during the initial
stage of reaction, and then disappear with further reaction progress. We
argue that the observed nanoporosity is an intrinsic feature of the
serpentinization reaction, and that its transient presence during
serpentinization is vital for facilitating reaction progress. We suggest
that the transient nature of the pores arises from the opposing kinetics
and thermodynamics of the replacement reaction. The former promotes the
formation of voids that enhance the advective transport of fluids to the
reaction front, while the latter drives the reduction of pore space by
means of recrystallization of the serpentine aggregates and minimization
of the interfacial energy.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

