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\begin{document}

\title{Studies of Soil Mineral-Organic Matter Associations and Plant Nutrient
Fixation Using Synchrotron X-ray Methods}



\author[1]{Tamas Varga}%
\author[2]{Ravi Kukkadapu}%
\author[1]{Alice Dohnalkova}%
\author[1]{Libor Kovarik}%
\author[3]{Matthew Marcus}%
\author[1]{Amir Ahkami}%
\author[1]{Rosalie Chu}%
\author[1]{Kim Hixson}%
\author[1]{Carrie Nicora}%
\author[1]{Tanya Winkler}%
\author[1]{Loren Reno}%
\author[1]{Anil Battu}%
\author[4]{Morgan Barnes}%
\author[5]{Olga Antipova}%
\author[3]{Sirine Fakra}%
\author[3]{Dilworth Parkinson}%
\author[6]{Sharon Doty}%
\affil[1]{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory}%
\affil[2]{Pacific Northwest National Lab}%
\affil[3]{Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory}%
\affil[4]{University of California Merced}%
\affil[5]{Argonne National Laboratory}%
\affil[6]{University of Washington Seattle Campus}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
To address some challenging biological and environmental problems,
scientists at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have been pairing
scientific capabilities at their home institution with the bright,
tunable energy x-rays and high-resolution instruments at several
national synchrotron user facilities. Synchrotron techniques can help
answer a variety questions, and two examples featuring synchrotron-based
structural and chemical imaging in bio/geochemical systems will be
presented. In the first example, x-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy
and microtomography were used to visualize and better understand
phosphorous uptake in poplar trees. Endophyte-promoted phosphorous
uptake was seen inside poplar roots, where the fixated phosphorous
appeared to be in the form of an organic phosphate. Analysis of the
tomography data showing increased root mass for the plants inoculated
with the endophytes supported the picture of increased nutrient uptake
in those plants. These results along with in-house proteomics
characterization point to the biological relevance of the symbiosis
between endophytes and the host plant. In the second example, scanning
transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) combined with x-ray absorption near
edge structure (XANES) helped us investigate soil mineral -- soil
organic matter (SOM) interactions in an alkaline soil from Washington
state. Ca mineral--organic associations were found to be predominant
which may play a critical role in the stabilization/degradation of SOM
and mineral. Micro- and nanoscale characterization of the chemical state
of both Ca from the mineral and C from the organic matter are crucial
for understanding such stabilization mechanisms as well as soil nutrient
dynamics.%
\end{abstract}%



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