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\begin{document}

\title{Evaluating the Efficacy of Manmade Canals at Maintaining Lake Habitats
for Salmon and Birds Using Seasonal Variations in Isotopes of Meteoric
Water}



\author[1]{Adrian A Jimenez}%
\author[1]{John Bershaw}%
\author[2]{Mae Saslaw}%
\author[3]{Scott Gall}%
\author[1]{Emma Rahalski}%
\affil[1]{Department of Geology, Portland State University}%
\affil[2]{Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University}%
\affil[3]{West Multnomah Soil \& Water Conservation District}%


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  \date{June 07, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
We investigated whether hydrologic restoration at Sturgeon Lake, Oregon,
USA has sufficiently increased water flux and reduced stagnation,
improving environmental conditions for juvenile salmon and waterfowl.
This 19.2km\textsuperscript{2} lake is a pivotal environmental feature
in the area, providing a haven for salmon on the Columbia River before
reaching the Pacific Ocean and winter habitat for hundreds of thousands
of waterfowl and migratory birds on the Pacific Flyway. The Oregon
Conservation Strategy names restoring natural hydrology to Sturgeon Lake
as a key step toward conservation in this area. We use stable isotopes
of water from the lake, surrounding water bodies, and precipitation to
understand the restoration work's efficacy and whether further efforts
are necessary to restore healthy habitats. Because of its importance to
bird migration and salmon spawning, we focus on seasonal patterns in
lake hydrology. We determined that approximately 36.5\% and 9.5\% of
water input was lost to evaporation during the summer and winter,
respectively, after restoration. We estimate the residence time of water
in the lake to average \textasciitilde{}43.2 days during the study
period. Based on these results, we determined that the lake habitat is
being adequately maintained in the winter, when it is most valuable to
local fauna, but that some stagnation and potential ecosystem
degradation occurs in the summer. Neither juvenile salmonids nor
migratory birds utilize the lake during the summer, therefore the
restoration work is effective at maintaining habitat for these species,
but further summer-focused work could be beneficial.%
\end{abstract}%



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