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\begin{document}

\title{Observations of Electron Vorticity and Phase Space Holes in the
Magnetopause Reconnection Separatrix}



\author[1]{Narges Ahmadi}%
\author[2]{Stefan Eriksson}%
\author[2]{David L. Newman}%
\author[3]{Laila Andersson}%
\author[4]{Robert E Ergun}%
\author[5]{Frederick Wilder}%
\affil[1]{Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder}%
\affil[2]{University of Colorado Boulder}%
\affil[3]{Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP)}%
\affil[4]{Univeristy of Colorado}%
\affil[5]{Unknown}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
We report Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) observations of two electron
vortices with a roughly 10 km or 2-3 electron skin depths cross-section
across the magnetospheric separatrix of a dayside magnetopause
reconnection. The enhanced electron vorticity, which is caused by a
significant velocity shear in the electron flows streaming in opposite
directions along northward-directed magnetic field lines, leads to
perturbations perpendicular to the reconnecting magnetic field on the
order of 1-2 nT. The high electron vorticity periods are also associated
with electron phase space holes having the largest bipolar parallel
electric field amplitudes \$\textbackslash{}sim\$ 25 mV/m observed
across this exhaust. Less intense \$\textbackslash{}sim\$ 10 mV/m
electron phase space holes propagate along a northward magnetic field
away from the X-line within a northward reconnection exhaust. The
electron phase space holes with the largest bipolar parallel electric
fields are observed to propagate toward the X-line within discrete
channels of southward and super-Alfv\textbackslash{}'\{e\}nic 1500 km/s
electron flows in the magnetospheric separatrix layer.%
\end{abstract}%



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