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\begin{document}

\title{Middle Atmosphere Ionization from Particle Precipitation as Observed by
the SSUSI Satellite Instruments}



\author[1]{Stefan Bender}%
\author[2]{Patrick Espy}%
\affil[1]{Norwegian University of Science and Technology}%
\affil[2]{NTNU}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 28, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Solar, auroral, and radiation belt electrons enter the atmosphere at
polar regions leading to ionization and affecting its chemistry. For
example particle-produced OH and NO molecules affect the ozone content
in the middle atmosphere. Climate models usually parametrize this
ionization and the related changes in chemistry based on satellite
particle measurements. Precise measurements of the particle and energy
influx into the upper atmosphere are difficult because they vary
substantially in location and time. Widely used particle data are
derived from the POES and GOES satellite measurements which provide
electron and proton spectra. We present electron energy and flux
measurements from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imagers
(SSUSI) satellite instruments. This formation of satellites observes the
auroral zone in the UV from which electron energies and fluxes are
inferred. We use these observed electron energies and fluxes to
calculate ionization rates and electron densities in the mesosphere and
lower thermosphere ([?] 40--200 km). We also present an initial comparison
of these rates to other models and compare the electron densities to
those measured by the EISCAT radar. Together with photochemical models,
trace gas concentrations, for example of NO, can be calculated from
these electron densities. These concentrations then provide an
independent source for comparing and validating satellite trace gas
measurements.%
\end{abstract}%



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