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\begin{document}

\title{Impacts of Spatially Varying Eddy Diffusion in the Lower Thermosphere on
the Ionosphere and Thermosphere using GITM - Sensitivity Study}



\author[1]{Garima Malhotra}%
\author[2]{Aaron J. Ridley}%
\affil[1]{University of Colorado Boulder}%
\affil[2]{University of Michigan-Ann Arbor}%


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  \date{June 12, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The eddy diffusion coefficient (Kzz) parameterizes the effects of
gravity wave (GW) turbulence in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
(MLT) on the ionosphere and thermosphere (IT), and its spatial variation
remains unclear. We use the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM)
to understand the impacts of spatially varying MLT Kzz on the IT system.
Using the observations from the SABER instrument, studies have observed
that GW activity in the MLT exhibits latitudinal variability with
seasons. We introduce similar latitudinal bands of increased Kzz at low
latitudes during equinoxes and at high latitudes during solstices. The
primary effect of non-uniform Kzz is in introducing spatially
variability in the IT, and the net change in globally averaged
thermospheric quantities is small (~2-4\%). The net effect of Kzz
depends on the total area of the turbulent patch and spreads globally
when low-latitude Kzz is increased. If however the turbulent conduction
is turned off, changes in the IT state are more localized. When
low-latitude Kzz is raised during equinoxes, a decrease in global
{[}O{]}, temperature, O/N2, TEC and an increase in {[}N2{]} are observed
at a constant pressure level, inducing changes in meridional winds
across the globe. During solstices, when high-latitude Kzz is raised,
the IT state of the winter hemisphere exhibits larger decrease in O/N2,
due to more effective composition change of O through vertical
advection. If a larger Kzz is introduced in the summer hemisphere, an
increase in O/N2 is observed because of the influence of lower
background O/N2.%
\end{abstract}%



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