|
EKC test |
Pearson’s correlation coefficient |
Pearson’s correlation coefficient |
EKC test |
Fixed effects model |
|
Number of countries with a U-shape relationship (% of 113
countries) |
Number of countries with a significant positive
relationship (% of the countries with either significantly positive or
negative correlation) |
Number of countries with a significant
negative relationship (% of the countries with either significantly
positive or negative correlation) |
Coefficient |
Coefficient |
GDP per capita (linear term) |
47 (42%) |
|
|
3.3925e-05*** |
1.2979e-05*** |
GDP per capita (quadratic term) |
|
|
|
5.8554e-11 |
|
Consumption per capita for certain crop types |
|
75% for cereal crops,
57% for fruit
and vegetable
|
25% for cereal
crops,
43% for fruit and vegetable
|
|
|
Fertilizer to crop price ratio |
|
84% |
16% |
|
0.59956*** |
Per hectare spending on agricultural machinery |
|
37% |
63% |
|
|
Patent application per capita |
|
45% |
55% |
|
|
Education expenditure as a percentage of government spending |
|
45% |
55% |
|
|
Agriculture, value added |
|
47% |
53% |
|
|
Ratio of net import of certain crop types |
|
35%
for cereal crops,
50% for fruit and vegetable
|
65% for cereal crops,
50% for fruit
and vegetable
|
|
|
Crop mix |
|
48% for cereal crops,
39%
for fruit and vegetable
|
52% for cereal
crops,
61% for fruit and vegetable
|
|
-0.65446 *** for
cereal crops |
NUE |
|
99% |
1% |
|
1.4113*** |
Adjusted average farm size |
|
59% |
41% |
|
0.058155*** |
Conservation area ratio |
|
73% |
27% |
|
|
P yield |
|
56% |
44% |
|
0.00077645*** |
Accumulated P surplus |
|
62% |
38% |
|
|
Accumulated P residual |
|
81% |
19% |
|
|