Socio-economic drivers |
Socio-economic drivers |
Socio-economic drivers |
Economic development |
World Bank (2018) |
GDP per capita, gross
domestic product / midyear population |
Consumption per capita for certain crop types |
FAOSTAT (2018), Zhang et
al. (2015a) |
Production + import - export |
Fertilizer to crop price ratio |
FAOSTAT (2018) |
Fertilizer price
(Single Superphosphate) / crop price (maize) |
Per hectare spending on agricultural machinery |
FAOSTAT (2018) |
Agricultural machinery, tractors per 100 sq. km of arable
land |
Patent application per capita |
World Bank (2018) |
Resident patent
applications per capita |
Education expenditure as a percentage of government spending |
World
Bank (2018) |
Government expenditure on education |
Agriculture, value added |
World Bank (2018) |
The net output of a
sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate
inputs |
Ratio of net import of certain crop types |
FAOSTAT (2018), Zhang et al.
(2015a) |
Net import / local production |
Agronomic drivers |
Agronomic drivers |
Agronomic
drivers |
Crop mix |
FAOSTAT (2018), Zhang et al. (2015a) |
Percentage of the
harvested area of a certain crop type, i.e., harvested area of a
specific crop type / total harvested area |
NUE |
Zhang et al. (2015a) |
N output (N in harvested crops) / N
inputs |
Adjusted average farm size |
Graeub et al. (2016) |
Residual of the
regression of average farm size on arable land per capita, see Text S9
and Wu et al. (2018) |
Conservation area ratio |
FAO AQUASTAT database |
Conservation
agriculture area as % of arable land area = 100*Conservation
agriculture area / Arable land area |
P yield |
FAOSTAT (2018), Zhang et al. (2015a) |
P in harvested crops /
harvested area |
Accumulated P surplus |
Calculation |
P inputs (fertilizer and manure) -
P output (P in harvested crops), accumulated since 1961 |
Accumulated P residual |
Calculation |
P surplus - P loss, accumulated
since 1961 |