\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{3D translational landslide evolution in sensitive soils}



\author[1]{Wangcheng Zhang}%
\author[1]{Alexander M. Puzrin}%
\affil[1]{ETH Zurich}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 05, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Translational landslides in sensitive soils are usually enormous in size
but often developed from a minute slip surface. Attention has previously
been paid to quantifying the failure initiation of a translational
landslide through two-dimensional (2D) plane strain slope stability
analyses. The findings of failure initiation from the 2D simplifications
need to be justified in a realistic 3D scenario, and more importantly,
are inconvenient to apply into analysing the subsequent 3D post-failure
behaviours. This study aims to explore 3D translational landslide
evolution integrating both the failure initiation and post-failure
behaviours by using an original Lagrangian-Eulerian depth-integrated
finite volume scheme. The numerical method is formulated by solving
governing equations in terms of the conservations of mass and momentum
considering isotropic and linear strain softening materials. Ability of
this framework to simulate a complete 3D landslide evolution, including
the initiation and growth of slip surface, global slab failure,
post-failure behaviours and re-deposition, has been demonstrated for
different 3D slope geometries. The proposed numerical scheme is able to
capture diverse post-failure behaviours, such as retrogression and
blocky slide mass, in sensitive soils. The characteristics of the slip
surface growth within a favoured layer and the patterns of the global
slab failure in the overlying layer have been thoroughly discussed. For
planar slopes, it helps to establish an analytical criterion for
unstable dynamic growth of a planar slip surface, which can optimise the
slope stability analysis in sensitive soils.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

