\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Cool roofs could be most effective at reducing outdoor urban
temperatures in London compared with other roof top and vegetation
interventions: a mesoscale urban climate modelling study}



\author[1]{Oscar Brousse}%
\author[1]{Charles H. Simpson}%
\author[2]{Andrea Zonato}%
\author[3]{Alberto Martilli}%
\author[4]{Jonathon Taylor}%
\author[5]{Michael Davies}%
\author[1]{Clare Heaviside}%
\affil[1]{University College London}%
\affil[2]{Atmospheric Physics Group, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy}%
\affil[3]{CIEMAT}%
\affil[4]{Tampere University}%
\affil[5]{Design and Engineering, The Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 21, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Comprehensive studies comparing impacts of building and street levels
interventions on air temperature at metropolitan scales are still
lacking despite increased urban heat-related mortality and morbidity. We
therefore model the impact of 9 interventions on air temperatures at 2 m
during 2 hot days from the summer 2018 in the Greater London Authority
area using the WRF BEP-BEM climate model. We find that on average cool
roofs most effectively reduce temperatures (\textasciitilde{} -1.2\selectlanguage{ngerman}°C),
outperforming green roofs (\textasciitilde{} 0°C), solar panels
(\textasciitilde{} -0.3°C) and street level vegetation
(\textasciitilde{} -0.3°C). Application of air conditioning across
London increase air temperatures by \textasciitilde{} +0.15°C but
related energetic consumption could be covered by energy production from
solar panels. Current realistic deployments of green roofs and solar
panels are ineffective at large scale reduction of temperatures. We
provide a detailed decomposition of the surface energy balance to
explain changes in air temperature and guide future decision-making.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

