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\begin{document}

\title{Using dual-band SAR imagery for characterizing and mapping of volcanic
flows through their backscattering properties}



\author[1]{Nikola Rogic}%
\affil[1]{University of South Florida}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The new dual-frequency radar satellite ASAR-ISRO provide simultaneously
and for the first time a wide wavelength spectrum which is critical to
discriminate surface roughness based on different backscattering
characteristics. Here we use such dual L-band and S-band airborne SAR
system to characterize and map various volcanic areas in the Northern
Cascades through their backscattering properties. Mapping volcanic flows
(lava flows, pyroclastic currents, lahars) is vastly improved by using
backscattering as a metric of surface roughness. Various types of
volcanic flow deposits and surface textures are distinguished by their
roughness measured with radar systems. The ability of radar systems to
distinguish volcanic flow textures, represented by roughness, is a key
factor in understanding the processes and timescales of flow
emplacement. For instance, transition from pahoehoe to aa lava flows is
associated with change in flux and steepness of topographic gradient.
Therefore, lava textures are essential data for calibrating and
improving lava flow emplacement codes. Similarly, the textures of high
velocity, and more deadly, pyroclastic currents and lahars change along
their flow paths, also revealing critical data about the mechanisms of
flow emplacement. As with lava flows, we use the ASAR-ISRO L+S SAR
system to characterize the run-out distances of pyroclastic currents and
lahars where large numbers of blocks accumulate in such deposits (places
where flow momentum was lost, whether due to friction or break-in-slope
and vast quantities of blocks accumulate in a relatively small area
compared to the total area inundated by the flow). Mapping volcanic flow
textures in a variety of volcanic terrains will provide clues about
modes and rates of emplacement, and change in these through time, in a
way that is simply unavailable by traditional geologic mapping. The next
generation of volcanic flow maps, used for hazard assessment, will rely
on radar data to delineate these textures.%
\end{abstract}%



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