Conclusion

Although betaine is not considered an essential osmolyte, its beneficial and therapeutic roles in human physiology make it important in the diet. The role of betaine in diseases related to liver and kidney is better understood. The reported effects of betaine in the past two decades confirm its neuroprotective and antioxidative qualities with a positive correlation with the GABAergic pathway, but very little is known about the mechanisms using which betaine asserts these effects. Hence, with a protective role and very little information about its working methods, betaine is indeed the dark knight of the human brain.