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\begin{document}

\title{Volcanic disturbance during the recovery of biota in the aftermath of
Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction}



\author[1]{Lijian Shen}%
\author[2]{Yanjun Zhao}%
\author[3]{Zhengjie Zhu}%
\author[4]{Chenglin Liu}%
\author[5]{Jian-xin Zhao}%
\author[5]{Yue-xing Feng}%
\author[6]{Wei Zhou}%
\author[5]{Kim Baublys}%
\author[5]{Suzanne Golding}%
\affil[1]{Chinese Academy of Geologi­cal Sciences}%
\affil[2]{MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China}%
\affil[3]{Baise University}%
\affil[4]{MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences}%
\affil[5]{University of Queensland}%
\affil[6]{Radiogenic Isotope Facility, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland}%


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  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Evaporites and carbonates intercalated with volcanic beds are
distributed in the Jialingjiang and Leikoupo Formations straddling the
boundary of the Lower and Middle Triassic in the Sichuan Basin.
High-resolution curves of \textsuperscript{87}Sr/\textsuperscript{86}Sr
ratios and \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{34}S\textsubscript{sulphate} of marine
sediments show the study section has relatively stable isotopic
compositions of S and Sr except for the volcanic bed. The abrupt
positive shift of \textsuperscript{87}Sr/\textsuperscript{86}Sr ratios
and negative shift of \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{34}S\textsubscript{sulphate}
occurred in the volcanic layer. The Sr isotopic curve defines a rough
age range of 244 to 248 Ma. The volcanic bed is characterized by high
anhydrite Th/U ratios, indicating a strong anoxic environment. The
volcanic eruptions released a huge amount of CO\textsubscript{2} and
SO\textsubscript{2}, which could lower temperature first by sulphate
aerosols and induce subsequent climate warming by greenhouse gases. This
cooling-warming cycle has triggered the overturn of the deep anoxia
seawater. The synergistic effects of degassing of gases
(CO\textsubscript{2} and SO\textsubscript{2}) and overturn of the deep
anoxia seawater have caused the negative shifts of
\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}\textsuperscript{34}S\textsubscript{sulphate}, and anoxic event during
the volcanic eruption. Meanwhile, volcanic eruptions and associated acid
rain could have enhanced the continental weathering, resulting in an
increasing flux of radiogenic \textsuperscript{87}Sr. Furthermore,
volcanic eruptions and related environmental changes could have imposed
severe stress on the full recovery of the ecosystem since the
End-Permian mass extinction, which is corroborated by fossil records.%
\end{abstract}%



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