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\begin{document}

\title{Statewide Mapping of Mineral Hazards in California -- A Model for
Multiple Applications}



\author[1]{Chris Higgins}%
\author[1]{Ronald Churchill}%
\author[1]{John Clinkenbeard}%
\author[1]{Milton Fonseca}%
\affil[1]{California Geological Survey}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Mineral hazards are a common, yet often less-recognized group of
features compared to other types of natural and man-made hazards. We
define ``mineral hazards'' in part as minerals and elements that occur
naturally in elevated, potentially harmful, concentrations in rocks,
soils, and certain fluids. Also included are features from human
activities related to extraction of mineral and energy resources. Along
with its large human population, extensive development, and diverse
natural environment, California is very complex geologically, thus it
contains many areas of mineral hazards that make it appropriate for such
a study. Although mineral hazards have been investigated over several
decades by the California Geological Survey (CGS), no systematic
statewide assessment had been accomplished until recently when, at the
request of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), the
CGS completed a preliminary assessment of potential mineral hazards over
the entire state. This work focused on natural and man-made
minerals-related features that might adversely affect construction, use,
and maintenance of state and federal highways under Caltrans
jurisdiction. The features evaluated include: 1) geologic units that may
contain naturally-occurring asbestos (NOA), fibrous erionite, or
elevated concentrations of regulated metals (Ag, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu,
Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl, V, Zn) and metalloids (As, Sb, Se); 2) faults, which
can be sites of increased potential for certain types of mineralization;
3) mines and prospects, which can be sources of anomalous concentrations
of metals and ore-processing chemicals; 4) oil and natural-gas seeps; 5)
thermal springs and fumaroles; and 6) oil, natural-gas, and geothermal
wells. The methods and products developed during the Caltrans study can
be applied worldwide to many other uses besides highways where there are
obligations to protect public health and safety and the environment. The
products include maps that highlight types and locations of potential
mineral hazards, digital data in GIS format, and accompanying reports
that provide details and additional information. Although they do not
indicate risk or probability, these products can be applied by users
from many backgrounds as screening tools to assess potential for the
presence of mineral hazards.%
\end{abstract}%



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