References
1. Apicella M, Campopiano MC, Mantuano M, Mazoni L, Coppelli A, Del Prato S. COVID-19 in people with diabetes: understanding the reasons for worse outcomes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(9):782–92.
2. Gangadaran P, Padinjarathil H, Rajendran SHS, Jogalekar MP, Hong CM, Aruchamy B, et al. COVID-19 and diabetes: What do we know so far? Exp Biol Med Maywood NJ. 2022;247(15):1330–4.
3. Skwiersky S, Rosengarten S, Meisel T, Macaluso F, Chang M, Thomson A, et al. Sugar is not always sweet: exploring the relationship between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 in a predominantly African American population. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10(4):e002692.
4. Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Nature. 2021;594(7862):259–64.
5. Ayoubkhani D, Khunti K, Nafilyan V, Maddox T, Humberstone B, Diamond I, et al. Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021;372:n693.
6. Sathish T, Kapoor N, Cao Y, Tapp RJ, Zimmet P. Proportion of newly diagnosed diabetes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(3):870–4.
7. The OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Tazare J, Walker AJ et al.  Rates of serious clinical outcomes in survivors of hospitalisation with COVID-19 in England: a descriptive cohort study within the OpenSAFELY platform [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. Wellcome Open Res 2022, 7:142.
8. Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, et al. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26(7):1017–32.
9. Nassar M, Daoud A, Nso N, Medina L, Ghernautan V, Bhangoo H, et al. Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: Review Article. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(6):102268.
10. Pelle MC, Zaffina I, Provenzano M, Moirano G, Arturi F. COVID-19 and diabetes-Two giants colliding: From pathophysiology to management. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:974540.
11. Steenblock C, Hassanein M, Khan EG, Yaman M, Kamel M, Barbir M, et al. Diabetes and COVID-19: Short- and Long-Term Consequences. Horm Metab Res Horm Stoffwechselforschung Horm Metab. 2022;54(8):503–9.
12. Mittal J, Ghosh A, Bhatt SP, Anoop S, Ansari IA, Misra A. High prevalence of post COVID-19 fatigue in patients with type 2 diabetes: A case-control study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(6):102302.
13. Raveendran AV, Misra A. Post COVID-19 Syndrome (“Long COVID”) and Diabetes: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(5):102235.
14. Sathish T, Anton MC, Sivakumar T. New-onset diabetes in “long COVID.” J Diabetes. 2021;13(8):693–4.
15. Montori VM. Patients surviving COVID-19 had increased risk for incident diabetes vs. persons without COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(8):JC93.
16. Ghosh A, Anjana RM, Shanthi Rani CS, Jeba Rani S, Gupta R, Jha A, et al. Glycemic parameters in patients with new-onset diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic are more severe than in patients with new-onset diabetes before the pandemic: NOD COVID India Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(1):215–20.
17. Xie Y, Al-Aly Z. Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(5):311–21.
18. Barrett CE, Koyama AK, Alvarez P, Chow W, Lundeen EA, Perrine CG, et al. Risk for newly diagnosed diabetes >30 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection among persons aged <18 years - United States, March 1, 2020-June 28, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(2):59–65.
19. Yavari A, Sharifan Z, Larijani B, Mosadegh Khah A. Central diabetes insipidus secondary to COVID-19 infection: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):134.
20. Daugherty SE, Guo Y, Heath K, Dasmariñas MC, Jubilo KG, Samranvedhya J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of clinical sequelae during the post-acute phase: a retrospective cohort study. medRxiv; 2021. p.21253448.
21. Ayoubkhani D, Khunti K, Nafilyan V, Maddox T, Humberstone B, Diamond I, et al. Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2021 ;31;372:n693.
22. Rezel-Potts E, Douiri A, Sun X, Chowienczyk PJ, Shah AM, Gulliford MC. Cardiometabolic outcomes up to 12 months after COVID-19 infection. A matched cohort study in the UK. PLoS Med. 2022;19(7):e1004052.
23. Abramczyk U, Nowaczyński M, Słomczyński A, Wojnicz P, Zatyka P, Kuzan A. Consequences of COVID-19 for the Pancreas. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(2):864.
24. Sathish T, Tapp RJ, Cooper ME, Zimmet P. Potential metabolic and inflammatory pathways between COVID-19 and new-onset diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2021;47(2):101204.
25. Lim S, Bae JH, Kwon HS, Nauck MA. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(1):11–30.
26. Müller JA, Groß R, Conzelmann C, Krüger J, Merle U, Steinhart J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Nat Metab. 2021;3(2):149–65.
27. Wu CT, Lidsky PV, Xiao Y, Lee IT, Cheng R, Nakayama T, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects human pancreatic β cells and elicits β cell impairment. Cell Metab. 2021;33(8):1565-1576.e5.
28. Tang X, Uhl S, Zhang T, Xue D, Li B, Vandana JJ, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces beta cell transdifferentiation. Cell Metab. 2021;33(8):1577-1591.e7.
29. Van der Heide V, Jangra S, Cohen P, Rathnasinghe R, Aslam S, Aydillo T, et al. Limited extent and consequences of pancreatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep. 2022;38(11):110508.
30. Podder V, Nagarathna R, Anand A, Patil SS, Singh AK, Nagendra HR. Physical Activity Patterns in India Stratified by Zones, Age, Region, BMI and Implications for COVID-19: A Nationwide Study. Ann Neurosci. 2020;27(3–4):193–203.
31. Jayasinghe S, Misra A, Hills AP. Post-COVID-19 syndrome and type 2 diabetes: Primacy of exercise in prevention and management. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;16(1):102379.
32. Ceriello A. Hyperglycemia and COVID-19: What was known and what is really new? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;167:108383.
33. Kazakou P, Lambadiari V, Ikonomidis I, Kountouri A, Panagopoulos G, Athanasopoulos S, et al. Diabetes and COVID-19; A Bidirectional Interplay. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:780663.
34. McKeigue PM, McGurnaghan S, Blackbourn L, Bath LE, McAllister DA, Caparrotta TM, et al. Relation of Incident Type 1 Diabetes to Recent COVID-19 Infection: Cohort Study Using e-Health Record Linkage in Scotland. Diabetes Care. 2022;dc220385.
35. Narayan KMV, Staimez LR. Rising diabetes diagnosis in long COVID. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(5):298–9.
36. Filgueira TO, Castoldi A, Santos LER, de Amorim GJ, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Anastácio W de L do N, et al. The Relevance of a Physical Active Lifestyle and Physical Fitness on Immune Defense: Mitigating Disease Burden, With Focus on COVID-19 Consequences. Front Immunol. 2021;12:587146.
37. Su Y, Yuan D, Chen DG, Ng RH, Wang K, Choi J, et al. Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Cell. 2022;185(5):881-895.e20.