N=18
Country Turkey 6 (33.3)
Iran 3 (16.7)
Canada 2 (11.1)
Saudi Arabia 2 (11.1)
Egypt 1 (5.6)
Lebanon 1 (5.6)
Pakistan 1 (5.6)
United Kingdom 1 (5.6)
Netherlands 1 (5.6)
Year Earlier than 2005 1 (5.6)
2005-2009 1 (5.6)
2010-2015 11 (61.1)
2016-2020 4 (22.2)
2021-2022 1 (5.6)
Study design Case-control 6 (33.3)
Prospective cohort 7 (38.9)
Retrospective cohort 5 (27.8)
Type of fasting Ramadan fasting 16 (100.0)
Number of samples 3,213,070
Trimester Second only 1 (5.6)
Third only 4 (22.2)
First, second and third 7 (38.9)
First and second 1 (5.6)
Second and third 5 (27.8)
Mean maternal age <25 3 (16.7)
(years)* 25-27 4 (22.2)
27-30 9 (50.0)
35 1 (5.6)
Not available 1 (5.6)