Data accessibility: Sequence data generated and analyzed during the
current study have been deposited at the European Nucleotide Archive
(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena) under the accession PRJEB56839.
Author contributions: XY and PAH conceived the study, PAH collected the
field material, XY performed the lab work, XY and KT performed the
bioinformatic analysis with guidance of TS and CWW, XY and PAH wrote the
first draft and all authors provided comments on the manuscript.
Table 1. Summary results from the HDMKPRF test among three beetle
species. Table shows the number of non-synonymous and synonymous
polymorphism sites (Pn, Ps )
within species to the ratio of nonsynonymous and synonymous fixed
differences (Dn, Ds ) between
species summed across all 4154 single copy orthologs. The proportion of
nonsynonymous sites fixed by positive selection (α =
1-DsPn/DnPs ),
and the proportion of genes under positive and negative selection
estimated by HDMKPRF, for G. calmariensis , G. pusilla andG. tenella . Summary statistics were calculated before and after
singleton removal.