Synthesis of modern landscape and biogeomorphology to reconstruct past settlements
To comprehend the historical demographic shifts, a thorough analysis of the current environment is necessary. The current landscape of surface manifestations aids in gathering data on changes brought about by anthropogenic and natural forces, as well as quantitative and qualitative approximations. A region’s biogeomorphology can be seen in the anticipation of various proxies in the contemporary landscape, which is susceptible to the variety and efforts of modern natural and human-induced changes. These landscapes have undergone tremendous changes in the past due to both natural and human actions, ever since the beginning of human activities. The investigation of palynofacies and grain size is a novel approach used to explain what happens to organic matter in various natural systems, such as rivers and lakes, that are constantly being changed by anthropogenic and natural forces, including erosive forces, transportation, agriculture, aquaculture, washerman practises, fishing, religious rituals, and encroachment on river banks. As the landform and landuse integrate with the vegetation around the river, their likelihood of survival is higher distant from the main channel and closer to it and thus the palynofacies fate correspond. Desiccation during periods of low flow and erosion-induced undercutting and uprooting during periods of flooding are likely causes of disappearance, weathering, degradation of palynofacies (palynomorphs to opaque phytoclats and AOM), and changes in biogeomorphology are in addition to recognize the fate of organic matter. As a result, the current variations in palynofacies and grain size can be extrapolated from core sediments to reveal historical natural and human-caused changes in the landform of the flood plain during the river’s meandering stage.