The GBF may be better served by stating ‘maintain all within population genetic diversity and maintain all distinct populations,’ or ‘maintain sufficient genetic diversity for adaptive potential within populations and maintain all distinct populations.’ For most populations, ‘sufficient’ will refer to no loss of current genetic diversity (or restored genetic diversity) which can be reported using indicators for effective population size of 500 within each population to mitigate loss from genetic drift (see Implementation and Reporting below). No loss is consistent with CBD’s Mission (“To take urgent action across society… to put biodiversity on a path to recovery by 2030 for the benefit of planet and people” and Vision (“living in harmony with nature”), especially as many species already suffered high genetic diversity loss (DiBattista 2008; Leigh et al. 2019; Exposito-Alonso et al. 2022). Ne ≥ 500 is important for preventing future losses for all populations within species regardless of past losses - though we acknowledge it does not address the extent of losses over previous decades and centuries.