The first draft of the Post-2020 GBF (July 2021) showed the first quantitative goal on maintaining genetic diversity (though only “90%” of an undefined baseline) possibly influenced by Díaz et al (Díaz et al. 2020). To non geneticists, 90% may sound satisfactory, but Frankham (2022) demonstrated this will lead to catastrophic increases in inbreeding, and “a 54% loss of total fitness in naturally outbreeding vertebrate populations and 30% loss in outbreeding plants,” sending many species into an irreversible ‘extinction vortex’ (Blomqvist et al. 2010). Additionally, the wording itself remains confusing (“increase in the proportion of species that have at least 90 per cent of their genetic diversity maintained”). More positively, genetic diversity appeared for the first time in Target 4 - an important advancement recognizing (a) that genetic diversity conservation requires action and that (b) populations of already imperiled species are experiencing genetic threats (inbreeding, lost populations, lack of connection to other populations, etc).