Indicators exist to monitor and report on genetic diversity “among and within populations” i.e. “maintain genetic diversity within populations” and “no loss of distinct populations” as well as on monitoring using DNA based studies. Data are available, indicators are SMART, and calculations are feasible (Hoban et al. 2020, 2022). The “Ne indicator” is currently included in the CBD Monitoring Framework as a Headline Indicator (A.0.4) for Goal A. Also, the “distinct populations” indicator (A.8.1) is currently a Component Indicator - but is more suitable as a Headline indicator. No genetic diversity indicator is listed under Target 4 (CBD/WG2020/3/3/Add.1); both A.0.4 and A.8.1 would be appropriate for Target 4.