Transvenous lead extraction
All patients with indication for TLE of CIED were treated in the hybrid room or electrophysiology laboratory, according to current guidelines (2,5,19). Definitions for TLE procedures and outcomes were derived from EHRA expert consensus statement (5).
Pacemaker-dependent patients received a percutaneous active fixation lead, which was placed in the right ventricle and connected to an external pacemaker. After extraction, all patients received 24-hourintensive care unit (ICU) monitoring for occurring complications and were secondarily transferred to Arrhythmology Unit, until the discharge. Patients come from spoke centres were back transferred to the source centre after achieving clinical stabilization. Early mortality and related causes were evaluated before discharge.